VII. Use a relative pronoun to combine two sentences into one sentence with a defining or non-defining relative clause.

1.    Those girls have passed the entrance examination. They will enter university.

- The girls    ______________________________________________________

2.    Some women get a    university degree. They can get a    well-paid job.

- Some women ____________________________________________________

3.    Have you heard about For a Brighter Future? It supports women in their fight for employment equality.

- Have you_______________________________________________________?

4. Some fathers only do a part-time job. They can stay at home more often and have a closer relationship with their children.

- Some fathers____________________________________________________

5. Viet Nam used to be male-dominated. It now has a large population of employed women.

_________________________________________________________________

* Combine two sentences into one. Use the sentence in brackets to make a non-defining relative clause.
1. The National Library opens every weekday. (The library is on the second floor).
The National Library, which is on the second floor, opens every weekday.
2. Developed countries are helping developing countries. (They are ahead in education and wealth.)
Developed countries, which are ahead in education and wealth, are helping developing countries.
3. Internationalisation has brought about both opportunities and challenges. (It started 15 years ago.)
Internationalsation, which started 15 years ago, has brought about both opportunities and challenges.
4. Smartphones will be used widely in school to support learning. (They help students to write scripts and make videos.)
Smartphones, which help students to write scripts and make videos, will be used widely in school to support learning.
5. Jack London wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang. (He is an American writer.)
Jack London, who is an American writer, wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang.
6. Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook? (He mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand).
Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook, who mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand?

 Rewrite the pairs of sentences as one sentence using a defining or non-defining relative clause. 

1 I work for a man. The man’s farm covers thousands of acres.

I work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The spacecraft is called Vostok 3KA. It took Yuri Gagarin into space.

The spacecraft ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. She likes her father’s career. Her father pursued this career all his life.

She likes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. He admires the teacher. That teacher initiated building the school library.

He admires ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. My grandfather used to be an astronaut. He has been retired for ten years now.

My grandfather……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Students will have to make their own learning decisions. This will be hard for many of them.
Students …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlike some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size (25)_________ about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26)_________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27)_________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28)_________ to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29)_________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

Điền vào ô trống 26

A. making

B. turning

C. causing

D. resulting

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlike some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size (25)_________ about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26)_________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27)_________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28)_________ to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29)_________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

Điền vào ô trống 29

A. happen

B. come

C. end

D. prove

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlike some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size (25)_________ about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26)_________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27)_________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28)_________ to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29)_________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

Điền vào ô trống 25

A. in

B. by

C. within

D. for

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlike some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size (25)_________ about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26)_________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27)_________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28)_________ to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29)_________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

Điền vào ô trống 28

A. known

B. learnt

C. experienced

D. noticed

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlike some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size (25)_________ about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26)_________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27)_________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28)_________ to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29)_________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

Điền vào ô trống 27

A. Even 

B. Despite 

C. As

D. Although

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (25)_______ some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has reduced in size by about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is (26) _______  the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seals found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes seals have made in the ice. (27) _______  the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in water. This means that the bears really do rely on the ice to hunt. Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been (28) _______  to swim up to 100 km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (29) _______  fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drown in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more ice before they became too tired and couldn't swim any further.

(Adapted from “A Wild Life: My Adventures Around the World” by Martin Hughes - Games)

A. turning

B. resulting

C. causing

D. making