bai1;a) cộng 2 vế của pt có; 

x(x+y+z) +y(x+y+z) +z(x+y+z) = -5+9+5

(x+y+z)² =9 => x+y+z = 3

x = -5/3

y = 9/3 =3

z = 5/3

b) x = 1/2 ; y =1

bai2;M = (a+b+c) / 2(a+b+c) = 1/2 không phải là số nguyên

2)

+Áp dụng : \(\frac{a}{a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow M>1\)

+ Áp dụng : \(\frac{a}{a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow M< 2\)

2>M>1  => M không là số nguyên.

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:

\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)(x+y+z)\geq (1+1+1)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A.1\geq 9\Leftrightarrow A\geq 9\)

Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $9$. Giá trị này đạt được tại $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$

Bài 2:

Hoàn toàn tương tự bài 1

$S(a+b+c)\geq (1+1+1)^2$ theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky

$\Leftrightarrow S.3\geq 9\Rightarrow S\geq 3$

Vậy GTNN của $S$ là $3$ khi $a=b=c=1$

Bài 3:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky như các bài trên ta có:

$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$

Mà $0< x+y+z\leq 6$ nên $\frac{9}{x+y+z}\geq \frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}$

Do đó $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{3}{2}$ (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=2$

Bài 4:

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương ta có:

$a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\geq 4\sqrt[4]{a^4b^4c^4d^4}=4abcd$ (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=d>0$

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(9=x+y+xy+1=(x+1)(y+1)\leq \left(\frac{x+y+2}{2}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow 4\leq x+y\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(x^3+4x\geq 4x^2; y^3+4y\geq 4y^2\)

\(\frac{x}{4}+\frac{1}{x}\geq 1; \frac{y}{4}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 5(x^2+y^2)+\frac{3}{4}(x+y)+2\)

Mà:

\(5(x^2+y^2)\geq 5.\frac{(x+y)^2}{2}\geq 5.\frac{4^2}{2}=40\)

\(\frac{3}{4}(x+y)\geq \frac{3}{4}.4=3\)

\(\Rightarrow A= x^3+y^3+x^2+y^2+5(x+y)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq 40+3+2=45\)

Vậy \(A_{\min}=45\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)

Bài 2:

\(B=\frac{a^2}{a-1}+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}\)

\(B-24=\frac{a^2}{a-1}-4+\frac{2b^2}{b-1}-8+\frac{3c^2}{c-1}-12\)

\(=\frac{a^2-4a+4}{a-1}+\frac{2(b^2-4b+4)}{b-1}+\frac{3(c^2-4c+4)}{c-1}\)

\(=\frac{(a-2)^2}{a-1}+\frac{2(b-2)^2}{b-1}+\frac{3(c-2)^2}{c-1}\geq 0, \forall a,b,c>1\)

\(\Rightarrow B\geq 24\)

Vậy \(B_{\min}=24\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)

Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương ta có:

\(4=2x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{y^2}{4}=x^2+x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{y^2}{4}\geq 4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^2y^2}{4}}\)

\(\Rightarrow 4\geq x^2y^2\Rightarrow 2\geq xy\geq -2\)

Ta thấy khi $xy$ càng tiến về $0$ và dương thì $C=\frac{1}{xy}$ càng lớn. Do đó $C=\frac{1}{xy}$ không có GTLN.

\(A=\frac{a}{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{b}{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{ca+b\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

\(=\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có

\(A=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(b+c\right)+c\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(\ge27.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\)\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{8}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{8}\)\(\ge\frac{9-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{8}=\frac{9-3}{8}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

b) Mạnh hơn, và dễ dàng hơn là:

\(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{\sum c\left(a-b\right)^2}{abc}\)

Nó tương đương với: \({\frac {{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}+{\frac {{b}^{2}}{{c}^{2}}}+{\frac {{c}^{2} }{{a}^{2}}}+3-2\,{\frac {a}{b}}-2\,{\frac {b}{c}}-2\,{\frac {c}{a}} \geqq 0\)

Là hiển nhiên vì \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+1\ge\frac{2a}{b}\)

Đơn giản:))

a) Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1;0< a,b,c< 1\)

Cần chứng minh: \(P=\sum\frac{\frac{1}{a}-1}{\frac{1}{b^2}}=\sum\frac{b^2-ab^2}{a}\ge\sqrt{3}-1\)

Hay là: \(\left(\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}\right)\sqrt{ab+bc+ca}\ge\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+\frac{a^2}{c}\right)^2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\) \(\Big[ (\sqrt{3} -1) (ab+bc+ca) +a^2+b^2+c^2\Big]^2\)

Giả sử \(c=\min\{a,b,c\}\) và đặt \(a=c+u, \, b=c+v \, (u,\, v \geq 0)\)

Nếu mình không nhìn nhầm, sau khi rút gọn, nhóm lại theo biến c, bạn nhận được một cái gì đó gọi là hiển nhiên

Chúc may mắn, mình mới rút gọn thử thì thấy có vẻ hiển nhiên thật :))

a) Ta có:

\(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}+\frac{2b+c}{b+c}+\frac{2c+d}{c+d}+\frac{2d+a}{d+a}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2b+c}{b+c}-1\right)-1\right]+\left[\left(\frac{2c+d}{c+d}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2d+a}{d+a}-1\right)-1\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a.\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b.\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{c.\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{d.\left(c+d\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab+b^2}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{cd+d^2}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{cd+ac+d^2+ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac+ab+b^2-ab-ac-b^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac+cd+d^2-cd-ac-d^2-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=-\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{ad-cd}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\) (vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương).

\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)=d\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bc+bd\right).\left(d+a\right)=\left(ad+bd\right).\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2+abc=b^2d+acd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2-b^2d=acd-abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)=ac.\left(d-b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)-ac.\left(d-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(d-b\right).\left(bd-ac\right)=0\)

Vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương.

\(\Rightarrow d-b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow d-b\ne0.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd-ac=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bd=ac.\)

Lại có:

\(A=abcd\)

\(\Rightarrow A=ac.bd\)

\(\Rightarrow A=ac.ac\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(ac\right)^2.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=abcd\) là số chính phương (đpcm).

Chúc bạn học tốt!

Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)

Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

Ta có:

\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)

Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)

\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)

\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)

Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)

Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)

Mách mk nốt 2 bài kia vs

chiju

Bài 1:

a) Từ đkđb:

$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$

$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$

$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$

$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.

Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$

Do đó:

$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$

$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$

$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$

$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)

b)

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)

Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$

Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$

-----------------------------------

Thật vậy:

Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)

Vậy........

Bài 3:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow yz+xz=-xy\)

Khi đó:

\(M=\frac{(yz)^3+(xz)^3+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{(yz+xz)^3-3yz.xz(yz+xz)+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}\)

\(=\frac{(-xy)^3-3yz.xz(-xy)+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=3\)