Sửa đề:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+1}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+1}=\dfrac{c}{a+b-2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+1+a+c+1+a+b+-2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{\left(b+c+a+c+a+b\right)+\left(1+1-2\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tương đương với:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b+c+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{a+c+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{a+c-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c+1=2a\\a+c+1=2b\\a+c-2=2c\\a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\circledast\) Từ \(a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}-a\)

Nên \(\dfrac{1}{2}-a+1=2a\)(tự tìm a nhé dễ lắm)

\(\circledast\) Từ \(a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a+c=\dfrac{1}{2}-b\)

Nên \(\dfrac{1}{2}-b+1=2b\)(tự tính b)

\(\circledast\) Từ \(a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a+b=\dfrac{1}{2}-c\)

Nên\(\dfrac{1}{2}-c-2=2c\)(tự tính c)

Vậy...

Lời giải:

a)

\(\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\cot a=\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\frac{\cos a}{\sin a}=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos^2a+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}\)

\(=\frac{1+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}=\frac{1}{\sin a}\) (đpcm)

b)

\(\frac{1}{\cos a}-\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}=\frac{1+\sin a-\cos ^2a}{\cos a(1+\sin a)}=\frac{(1-\cos ^2a)+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}\)

\(=\frac{\sin^2a+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a(\sin a+1)}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}=\tan a\) (đpcm)

c)

\(\frac{\tan a-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{1}{\cos a}-1}{\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a(1-\cos ^2a)}=\frac{1}{\cos a(1+\cos a)}\)

d)

\(\frac{\sin a+\cos a-1}{\sin a-\cos a+1}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a-1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}{(\sin a-\cos a+1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)^2-1}{(\sin a+1)^2-\cos ^2a}\)

\(=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-\cos ^2a}=\frac{1+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-(1-\sin ^2a)}\)

\(=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin ^2a+2\sin a}=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}\) (đpcm)

Mấu chốt trong các bài này là việc sử dụng công thức $\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a=1$

Lời giải:

a)

\(\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\cot a=\frac{\sin a}{1+\cos a}+\frac{\cos a}{\sin a}=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos^2a+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}\)

\(=\frac{1+\cos a}{\sin a(1+\cos a)}=\frac{1}{\sin a}\) (đpcm)

b)

\(\frac{1}{\cos a}-\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}=\frac{1+\sin a-\cos ^2a}{\cos a(1+\sin a)}=\frac{(1-\cos ^2a)+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}\)

\(=\frac{\sin^2a+\sin a}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a(\sin a+1)}{\cos a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}=\tan a\) (đpcm)

c)

\(\frac{\tan a-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}-\sin a}{\sin ^3a}=\frac{\frac{1}{\cos a}-1}{\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a\sin ^2a}=\frac{1-\cos a}{\cos a(1-\cos ^2a)}=\frac{1}{\cos a(1+\cos a)}\)

d)

\(\frac{\sin a+\cos a-1}{\sin a-\cos a+1}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a-1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}{(\sin a-\cos a+1)(\sin a+\cos a+1)}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)^2-1}{(\sin a+1)^2-\cos ^2a}\)

\(=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-\cos ^2a}=\frac{1+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\sin ^2a+1+2\sin a-(1-\sin ^2a)}\)

\(=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin ^2a+2\sin a}=\frac{2\sin a\cos a}{2\sin a(\sin a+1)}=\frac{\cos a}{1+\sin a}\) (đpcm)

\(1)\)\(\frac{\overline{ab}}{b}=\frac{\overline{bc}}{c}=\frac{\overline{ca}}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{10a+b}{b}=\frac{10b+c}{c}=\frac{10c+a}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{10a}{b}=\frac{10b}{c}=\frac{10c}{a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{10a}{b}=\frac{10b}{c}=\frac{10c}{a}=\frac{10a+10b+10c}{a+b+c}=\frac{10\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=10\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{10a}{b}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

\(\frac{10b}{c}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\frac{10c}{a}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=a\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+2016=2016\)

\(2)\)\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{2\left(\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\frac{10a+b+10b+c+10c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{11a+11b+11c}{a+b+c}=\frac{11\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=11\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10a+11b+c=11a+11b\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=a\)

\(\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10b+11c+a=11b+11c\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

\(\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10c+11a+b=11c+11a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\left(\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{c}{b}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{c}+1\right)+2016=2.2.2+2016=2024\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

hay \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Do các tử số trên bằng nhau nên các mẫu số cũng bằng nhau hay \(b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=a+b+c\)

Suy ra a = b =c =d

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

\(3)\)\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Vì các tử bằng nhau nên mẫu cũng bằng nhau : 

+) Với \(b+c+d=a+c+d\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

+) Với \(a+b+d=a+b+c\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=d\)

+) Với \(a+c+d=a+b+d\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

\(x^2-x+2=A+B\left(x-1\right)+C\left(x-1\right)^2\)

\(=A+Bx-B+Cx^2-2Cx+C=Cx^2-\left(2C-B\right)x+\left(A+C\right)\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}C=1\\2C-B=1\\A+C=2\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}C=1\\B=1\\A=1\end{cases}}\)

Cách 1. Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM : 

\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Cách 2. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy : \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=a\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge b\) , \(\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{c+d}{4}\ge c\), \(\frac{d^2}{d+a}+\frac{d+a}{4}\ge d\)

Cộng theo vế : \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}+\frac{1}{4}.2.\left(a+b+c+d\right)\ge a+b+c+d\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)