\(Q=\left(a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\)

\(=a^2b^2c^2+a^2b^2+a^2c^2+a^2+b^2c^2+b^2+c^2+1=\)

\(=a^2b^2c^2+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+1\) (1)

Ta có

\(\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2ab^2c+2abc^2+2a^2bc=\)

\(=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2=1-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)

Ta có

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\) (3)

Thay (2) và (3) vào (1)

\(Q=a^2b^2c^2+1-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2+1=\)

\(=\left(abc\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\)

\(=\left[abc-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]^2\)

Ta có : \(c\left(ac+1\right)^2=\left(2c+b\right)\left(3c+b\right)\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2c^2+2ac+1\right)=6c^2+5bc+b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2c^2+2ac+1-6c-5b\right)=b^2\)

Gọi \(\left(c;a^2c^2+2ac+1-6c-5b\right)=d\)

Khi đó ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}c⋮d\\a^2c^2+2ac-6c+1-5b⋮d\end{cases}\Rightarrow1-5b⋮d}\)

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}c=xd\\a^2c^2+2ac-6c+1-5b=yd\end{cases}}\left[x,y\in Z;\left(x;y\right)=1\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow c\left(a^2c^2+2a-6c+1-5b\right)=xyd^2\Rightarrow b^2=xyd^2\)

\(\Rightarrow b⋮d\Rightarrow1⋮d\Rightarrow d=1\)

Vậy c là số chính phương.

\(S=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)

\(S=\left(a^2+ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ac\right)\left(c^2+ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(S=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

là số chính phương (đpcm)

Ta có: 

\(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)

Tương tự suy ra biểu thức đã cho bằng \(\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\) và là số chính phương

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)

Khi đó: \(\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left[ab+bc+ca+a^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+b^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+c^2\right]\)

\(=\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)là số chính phương.

(

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

hhhhhhhhhhhhh

Dễ dàng c/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\right)\) 

Suy ra : \(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le2.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Thay ab+bc+ac = 1 vào Q

Thay ab+bc+ac = 1 và Q ta được :

\(Q=\left(a^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(b^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\) là bình phương  của một số hữu tỉ (đpcm)

Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)

\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)

BĐT cần c/m trở thành:

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)

Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)

Nên (1) tương đương:

\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)

BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:

\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)