Có : \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+ac+bc=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)và \(c^2+1=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Suy ra : \(S=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right).\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right).\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\)là số chính phương \(\forall\)a ,b ,c nguyên !
với ab+bc+ca=1, ta có
\(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a^2+ab\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)\)\(=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
tương tự tra có \(b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(c^2+1=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
=> S=\(\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
mà a,b, c là các số nguyên => \(\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\) là số chính phương
=> S là số chính phương (ĐPCM)
ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b^2+1=b^2+ab+bc+ca=b\left(a+b\right)+a\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\\c^2+1=c^2+ab+bc+ca=c\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
=> đpcm
