Cho \(\frac{a}{b}\) = \(\frac{c}{d}\) chứng minh :
a) \(\frac{a^2 + b^2}{c^2 + d^2}\) = \(\frac{a*b}{c*d}\)
b) \(frac{(a + b)^2}{(c + d)^2}\) = \(\frac{a*b}{c*d}\)
1/ Biết \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\), chứng minh
a) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\)
b) \(\left(\frac{a-d}{c-b}\right)^4=\frac{a^4+b^4}{c^4+d^4}\)
2/ Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\)
Chứng minh \(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}\)
3/ Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\)
Chứng minh a=b=c
Mình chỉ làm bài 1a, và bài 3 thôi nhé,còn lại là bạn tự làm nhé
Bài 1:
a, Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^2=\left[\frac{c}{d}\right]^2=\left[\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right]^2\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}\)
Bài 3 : Sửa đề : Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\)
CM : a = b = c
Cách 1 : Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\)
vì \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow a=b;\frac{b}{c}=1\Rightarrow b=c\)
Do đó : \(a=b=c\).
Cách 2 : Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=m\), ta có : \(a=bm,b=cm,c=am\)
Do đó : \(a=bm=m(mc)=m\left[m(ma)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m^3a\Rightarrow m^3=1(a\ne0)\Rightarrow m=1\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Cách 3 : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}=\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^3\Rightarrow1=\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^3\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Cho a , b , c , d > 0 Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2c^2}=2bc\\c^2+d^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2d^2}=2cd\\d^2+a^2\ge2\sqrt{d^2a^2}=2da\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2bc}=\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\le\frac{cd^2}{2cd}=\frac{d}{2}\\\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\le\frac{da^2}{2da}=\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\\c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\ge c-\frac{d}{2}\\d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge d-\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{d}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Cách của bạn Minh dài quá mình xin làm cách ngắn hơn:
Đầu tiên ta chứng minh bổ đề:
\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{2x-y}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(2x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y-x\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Từ đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}\\\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2b-c}{2}\\\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{2c-d}{2}\\\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2d-a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng 4 cái trên vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}+\frac{2b-c}{2}+\frac{2c-d}{2}+\frac{2d-a}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
CÁC BÀI TẬP DẠNG CHỨNG MINH TỈ LỆ THỨC
BÀI 1: Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{d}\)Chứng minh \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+d^2}\)=\(\frac{a}{d}\)
Bài 2: Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\) Chứng minh \(\left(\frac{â+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}\)
Bài 3: Cho \(\frac{a}{2015}=\frac{b}{2016}=\frac{c}{2017}\) Chứng minh \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}=4\)
1) Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\). Chứng minh: \(\frac{a}{3a+b}=\frac{c}{3c+d}\)
2) Cho\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\). Chứng minh:
a) \(\frac{a^2-d^2}{c^2-d2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
b) \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
1, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{3a}{3c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{3a+b}{3c+d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{3a+b}{3c+d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{3a+b}=\frac{c}{3c+d}\)
2, a, Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}=\frac{b}{d}\cdot\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)
b, Ta có: \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\cdot\frac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
Cho a,b,c,d > 0. Chứng minh :
\(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+\frac{b^3}{c^2}+\frac{c^3}{d^2}+\frac{d^3}{a^2}\ge a+b+c+d\)
Đặt vế trái là P
\(\frac{a^3}{b^2}+b+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3b^2}{b^2}}=3a\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{c^2}+2c\ge3b\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{d^2}+2d\ge3c\); \(\frac{d^3}{a^2}+2a\ge3d\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P+2\left(a+b+c+d\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge a+b+c+d\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
Chứng minh với mọi a,b,c,d>0 ta có:\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
với các số a,b,c,d là các số lớn hơn 0. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
Đặt vế trái là P, áp dụng AM-GM cho từng cặp:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge a\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{c+d}{4}\ge c\) ; \(\frac{d^2}{a+d}+\frac{a+d}{4}\ge d\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P+\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\ge a+b+c+d\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Thử cách em xem sao?
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) (đúng)
"=" <=> a = b = c
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Cho a, b, c, d là các dố dương. Chứng minh rằng: \(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{d^2}{a^5}\ge\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\)
chứng minh rằng : Với mọi số dương a, b, c, d ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
Xét BĐT phụ \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2b-c}{2};\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{2c-d}{2};\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2d-a}{2}\)
Cộng lại theo vế ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}+\frac{2b-c}{2}+\frac{2c-d}{2}+\frac{2d-a}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2a-b+2b-c+2c-d+2d-a}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)
Vậy BĐT đc chứng minh