M=x²+y²

=(x²+2xy+y²)-2xy

=(x+y)²-2xy

=a²-2b

\(a,x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=\left(-3\right)^2-2.\left(-28\right)=65\)

\(b,x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3x^2y-3xy^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(-3\right)^3-3.\left(-28\right).\left(-3\right)=-279\)

\(c,x^4+y^4=\left(x+y\right)^4-4x^3y-4xy^3-6x^2y^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^4-4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)-6\left(xy\right)^2\)

\(=\left(-3\right)^4-4.\left(-28\right).65-6.\left(-28\right)^2=2657\)

\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^3}{x^2}+2020=\dfrac{x^5+y^5}{\left(xy\right)^2}+2020=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)-\left(xy\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(-2\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]-\left(-2\right)^2.5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(-8+6.5\right)\left(25+4\right)-20}{4}=...\)

= ( x³ + 3x²y + 3xy² + y³ ) - 6xy - 3x² - 3y² + 3x + 3y + 2012

= ( x + y )³ - 3xy - 3x² - 3xy - y² + 3. ( x + y ) + 2012

= ( x + y )³ - 3x ( x + y ) - 3y .( x + y ) + 3.( x + y ) + 2012

= ( x + y )³ - 3.( x + y ) ( x + y ) + 3( x + y ) + 2012

= 101³ - 3.101² + 3.101 + 2012

= 1002013

( x+y)²= x² +2xy+y²

=>   x² +y² =( x+y)²  -2xy

 Thay x+y =m và xy= n vào biểu thức , ta có:

            x² +y² =  m² -2n

 Vậy nếu x+y =m và xy= n  thì   x² +y² =  m² -2n.

\(\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}=\frac{10}{3}\Rightarrow3x^2+3y^2-10xy=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x^2-9xy\right)-\left(xy-3y^2\right)=0\Rightarrow3x\left(x-3y\right)-y\left(x-3y\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3y\right)\left(3x-y\right)=0\Rightarrow3x-y=0\left(y>x>0\Rightarrow x-3y< 0\right)\Rightarrow3x=y\)

\(M=\frac{x-y}{x+y}=\frac{x-3x}{x+3x}=\frac{-2x}{4x}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 1.

A = x² + 2xy + y² = ( x + y )² = ( -1 )² = 1

B = x² + y² = ( x² + 2xy + y² ) - 2xy = ( x + y )² - 2xy = (-1)² - 2.(-12) = 1 + 24 = 25

C = x³ + 3xy( x + y ) + y³ = ( x³ + y³ ) + 3xy( x + y ) = ( x + y )( x² - xy + y² ) + 3xy( x + y )

                                                                                  = -1( 25 + 12 ) + 3.(-12).(-1)

                                                                                  = -37 + 36

                                                                                  = -1

D = x³ + y³ = ( x³ + 3x²y + 3xy² + y³ ) - 3x²y - 3xy² = ( x + y )³ - 3xy( x + y ) = (-1)³ - 3.(-12).(-1) = -1 - 36 = -37

Bài 2.

M = 3( x² + y² ) - 2( x³ + y³ )

= 3( x² + y² ) - 2( x + y )( x² - xy + y² )

= 3( x² + y² ) - 2( x² - xy + y² )

= 3x² + 3y² - 2x² + 2xy - 2y²

= x² + 2xy + y²

= ( x + y )² = 1² = 1

Bài 3.

x + y = -3

<=> ( x + y )² = 9

<=> x² + 2xy + y² = 9

<=> 29 + 2xy = 9

<=> 2xy = -20

<=> xy = -10

x³ + y³ = ( x³ + 3x²y + 3xy² + y³ ) - 3x²y - 3xy² = ( x + y )³ - 3xy( x + y ) = ( -3 )³ - 3.(-10).(-3) = -27 - 90 = -117

Bài 4.

x - y = 5

<=> ( x - y )² = 25

<=> x² - 2xy + y² = 25

<=> 15 - 2xy = 25

<=> 2xy = -10

<=> xy = -5

x³ - y³ = ( x³ - 3x²y + 3xy² - y³ ) + 3x²y - 3xy² = ( x - y )³ + 3xy( x - y ) = 5³ + 3.(-5).5 = 125 - 75 = 50

a) \(M=\left(x+y\right)^3+2x^2+4xy+2y^2\)

\(=7^3+2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)

\(=343+2\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=343+2.7^2\)

\(=343+98=441\)

b) \(N=\left(x-y\right)^3-x^2+2xy-y^2\)

\(=\left(-5\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

\(=-125-\left(-5\right)^2\)

\(=-125-25=-150\)

\(a,M=\left(x+y\right)^3+2x^2+4xy+2y^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+2\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+y+2\right)=7^2.9=49.9=441\)

\(b,N=\left(x-y\right)^3-x^2+2xy-y^2\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^3-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^2.\left(x-y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(-5\right)^2\left(-5-1\right)=15.-6=-150\)