a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{2}{{3{\rm{x}}}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} + \frac{{6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{2}{{3{\rm{x}}}} - \frac{x}{{1 - x}} + \frac{{6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{4\left( {1 - x} \right) - 6{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3\left( {6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4} \right)}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{4 - 4{\rm{x}} - 6{{\rm{x}}^2} + 18{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}} - 8}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^3} + 1}}{{1 - {x^3}}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} - \frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1}}{{{x^3} - 1}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} - \frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1 + x\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1 + {x^3} + {x^2} + x - {x^2} + 1}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{x}{{{x^3} - 1}}\end{array}\)

c)

 \(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{2}{{x + 2}} - \frac{2}{{1 - x}}} \right).\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {1 - x} \right) - 2\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{2 - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} - 4}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{\rm{x  -  2}}}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{\left( { - 4{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 8{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1} \right)}}\end{array}\)

d)

\(\begin{array}{l}1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{{1 - {x^2}}}} \right)\\ = 1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{{1 - {x^2}}}} \right)\\ = 1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}.\frac{{1 + x - 1}}{{1 - {x^2}}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{x\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{{x^2} + 1}}.\frac{x}{{1 - {x^2}}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{ - {x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{ - {x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\\ = \frac{{{x^2} + 1 - {x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\\ = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + 1}}\end{array}\)

Cặp phân thức nào có mẫu giống nhau là: \(\frac{{x - 1}}{{3{\rm{x}} + 6}}\) và \(\frac{{x + 1}}{{3\left( {x + 2} \right)}}\)

Vì : \(\frac{{x - 1}}{{3{\rm{x}} + 6}} = \frac{{x - 1}}{{3\left( {x + 2} \right)}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{1}{x} + \frac{2}{{x + 1}} + \frac{3}{{x + 2}} - \frac{1}{x} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}} - \frac{3}{{x + 2}}\\ = \left( {\frac{1}{x} - \frac{1}{x}} \right) + \left( {\frac{2}{{x + 1}} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{3}{{x + 2}} - \frac{3}{{x + 2}}} \right)\\ = 0 + \frac{2}{{x + 1}} - \frac{2}{{x - 1}} + 0\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x - 1} \right) - 2\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 2 - 2{\rm{x}} - 2}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{x} + \frac{{1 - x}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{3}{{{x^2} - 9}} + \frac{{1 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{x} + \frac{{x - 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}\\ = \left( {\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{x} + \frac{{1 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{x}} \right) + \left( {\frac{{1 - x}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{{x - 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{3}{{{x^2} - 9}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}} \right)\\ = 0 + 0 + \frac{3}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}} - \frac{3}{{x + 3}}\\ = \frac{{3 - 3\left( {x - 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{12 - 3{\rm{x}}}}{{\left( {x + 3} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}}\end{array}\)

\(a,\dfrac{3x-1}{xy}+\dfrac{2x-1}{xy}\\ =\dfrac{3x-1+2x-1}{xy}\\ =\dfrac{5x-2}{xy}\\ b,\dfrac{3x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{-3x+1}{x^2+1}\\=\dfrac{3x-3x+1}{x^2+1}\\ =\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}\)

\(a)\left( { - \frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}} \right).\left( { - \frac{{5{y^2}}}{{12{\rm{x}}y}}} \right) = \frac{{\left( { - 3{\rm{x}}} \right).\left( { - 5{y^2}} \right)}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}.12{\rm{x}}y}} = \frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}y}}\)

\(b)\frac{{{x^2} - x}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}}.\frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}{{{x^3} - 1}} = \frac{{x\left( {x - 1} \right).\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right).\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{x\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}\)

a) \(y' = 2.3{{\rm{x}}^2} - \frac{1}{2}.2{\rm{x}} + 4.1 - 0 = 6{{\rm{x}}^2} - x + 4\).

b) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }.\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2{\rm{x}} + 8 + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{5}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

c) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right){{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\) \( = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 2 - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

d) \(y' = {\left( {\sqrt 5 .\sqrt x } \right)^\prime } = \sqrt 5 .\frac{1}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{{\sqrt 5 }}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{5}{{2\sqrt {5x} }}\).

Cặp phân thức có cùng mẫu thức: \(\frac{{5{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{4{\rm{x}} - 8}}\) và \(\frac{{4 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{{4\left( {x - 2} \right)}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}{{16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\left( {\frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} + \frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}} + \frac{1}{{1 - 4{{\rm{x}}^2}}}} \right)\\ = \frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}{{16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\frac{{2{\rm{x}} - 1 + 2{\rm{x}} + 1 - 1}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x + 1}}} \right)}}.\frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}} + 1}}\\b)\left( {\frac{{x + y}}{{xy}} - \frac{2}{x}} \right).\frac{{{x^3}{y^3}}}{{{x^3} - {y^3}}}\\ = \frac{{x + y - 2y}}{{xy}}.\frac{{{x^3}{y^3}}}{{{x^3} - {y^3}}}\\ = \frac{{\left( {x - y} \right).{x^3}{y^3}}}{{xy\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2}{y^2}}}{{{x^2} + xy + y{}^2}}\end{array}\)

a) Ta có: \(\frac{5}{{2 - x}} = \frac{{ - 5}}{{x - 2}}\)

\({x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4 = {\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

\(MTC = \left( {x + 2} \right){\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của x+2 là \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của\({x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4\)  là \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của x - 2 là (x+2)(x−2)

Nhân cả tử và mẫu của mỗi phân thức với nhân tử phụ tương ứng, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{{x + 2}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x  -  4}}}} = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{5}{{2 - x}} = \frac{{ - 5\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right){{\left( {x - 2} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)

b) Ta có: 3x+3y=3(x+y)

            \({x^2} - {y^2} = \left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)\)

            \({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} = {\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

\(MTC = 3\left( {x + y} \right){\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của 3x+3y là: \({\left( {x - y} \right)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của \({x^2} - {y^2}\) là: 3(x−y)

Nhân tử phụ của \({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}\) là: 3(x+y)

Nhân cả tử và mẫu của mỗi phân thức với nhân tử phụ tương ứng, ta có: 

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} + 3y}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{2{\rm{x}}}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \frac{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\\\frac{{{x^2} - xy + {y^2}}}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}}} = \frac{{3\left( {{x^2} - xy + {y^2}} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right){{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)