Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂.

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+100=104\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{9,5}{104}.100\%=9,13\%\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

                 \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

trc p/ư:      0,15      0,4 

p/ư :          0,15      0,3       0,15          0,15 

sau p/ư :   0        0,1         0,15        0,15 

--> sau p/ư : HCl dư 

\(a,m_{CuCl_2}=0,15.135=20,25\left(g\right)\)

\(b,C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)

\(a)n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}CuCl_2+H_2\\ \dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\\ m_{CuCl_2}=0,15.135=20,25\left(g\right)\\ b)C_{MCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,15.2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

$n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,05(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{150.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{15}{49}(mol)$

$Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Fe_2O_3} : 1 < n_{H_2SO_4} :3$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư

$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 8 + 150 = 158(gam)$

$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{15}{49} - 0,05.3 = \dfrac{153}{980}(mol)$

$n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,025(mol)$

$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{   \dfrac{153}{980}.98}{158} .100\% = 9,7\%$

$C\%_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,025.400}{158}.100\% = 6,3\%$

Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nFe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 mol
=>nH2 = 0,1 mol
=> VH2= 0,1*22,4= 2,24 lít

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,1-->0,2------------------>0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{15\%}=\dfrac{146}{3}\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot0,5=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,15\cdot0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,025}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Ba(OH)₂ còn dư, dd sau p/ứ có tính kiềm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2}=0,0075\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,0175\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,0075}{0,05+0,15}=0,0375\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,0175}{0,2}=0,0875\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)