\(a)4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} - 2.2{\rm{x}}.3y + {\left( {3y} \right)^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)^2}\)

\(b){x^3} + 9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 27{\rm{x}} + 27 = {x^3} + 3.{x^2}.3 + 3.x{.3^2} + {3^3} = {\left( {x + 3} \right)^3}\)

\(c)8{y^3} - 12{y^2} + 6y - 1 = {\left( {2y} \right)^3} - 3.{\left( {2y} \right)^2}.1 + 3.2y{.1^2} - {1^3} = {\left( {2y - 1} \right)^3}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}d) {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - 4{y^2}\\ = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - {\left( {2y} \right)^2}\\ = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + y + 2y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y - 2y} \right) = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\end{array}\)

\(e) 27{y^3} + 8 = {\left( {3y} \right)^3} + {2^3} = \left( {3y + 2} \right)\left( {9{y^2} - 6y + 4} \right)\)

\(g) 64 - 125{{\rm{x}}^3} = {4^3} - {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} = \left( {4 - 5{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {16 + 20{\rm{x}} + 25{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)\)

a) Thay x = -1, y = 1 vào đa thức A ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}A = 4.{\left( { - 1} \right)^6} - 2.{\left( { - 1} \right)^2}{.1^3} - 5.\left( { - 1} \right).1 + 2\\A = 4 - 2 + 5 + 2 = 9\end{array}\)

Vậy A =9 tại x = -1; y = 1

Thay x = -1, y = 1 vào đa thức B ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}B = 3.{\left( { - 1} \right)^2}{.1^3} + 5.\left( { - 1} \right).1 - 7\\B = 3 - 5 - 7 =  - 9\end{array}\)

Vậy B = -9 tại x = -1; y = 1

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}A + B = \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2} \right) + \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7} \right)\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2 + 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}} \right) + \left( { - 5{\rm{x}}y + 5{\rm{x}}y} \right) + 2 - 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + {x^2}{y^3} - 5\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}A - B = \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2} \right) - \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7} \right)\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2 - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}} \right) + \left( { - 5{\rm{x}}y - 5{\rm{x}}y} \right) + 2 + 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 5{x^2}{y^3} - 10{\rm{x}}y + 9\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 6{\rm{x}}y + 3{y^2} - 5{\rm{x}} + 5y\\ = \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 6{\rm{x}}y + 3{y^2}} \right) - \left( {5{\rm{x}} - 5y} \right)\\ = 3\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right) - 5\left( {x - y} \right)\\ = 3{\left( {x - y} \right)^2} - 5\left( {x - y} \right)\\ = \left( {x - y} \right)\left[ {3\left( {x - y} \right) - 5} \right] = \left( {x - y} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 3y - 5} \right)\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)2{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 4{\rm{x}}{y^2} + 2{y^3} - 8y\\ = 2y\left[ {\left( {{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right) - 4} \right]\\ = 2y\left[ {{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} - {2^2}} \right]\\ = 2y\left( {x + y + 2} \right)\left( {x + y - 2} \right)\end{array}\)

a) \(y' = 2.3{{\rm{x}}^2} - \frac{1}{2}.2{\rm{x}} + 4.1 - 0 = 6{{\rm{x}}^2} - x + 4\).

b) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }.\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2{\rm{x}} + 8 + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{5}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

c) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right){{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\) \( = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 2 - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

d) \(y' = {\left( {\sqrt 5 .\sqrt x } \right)^\prime } = \sqrt 5 .\frac{1}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{{\sqrt 5 }}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{5}{{2\sqrt {5x} }}\).

Thay x = -1 , y = 2 vào đa thức P ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}P = {\left( { - 1} \right)^3}.2 - 14.{2^3} - 6.\left( { - 1} \right).2^2 + 2 + 2\\P =  - 2 - 112 + 24 + 4 = -86\end{array}\)

Vậy đa thức P = -86 tại x = -1; y = 2

\(a)\dfrac{{3{\rm{x}} + 6}}{{4{\rm{x}} - 8}}.\dfrac{{2{\rm{x}} - 4}}{{x + 2}} = \dfrac{{3\left( {x + 2} \right).2\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{4.\left( {x - 2} \right).\left( {x + 2} \right)}} = \dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(b)\dfrac{{{x^2} - 36}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}.\dfrac{{x + 5}}{{6 - x}} = \dfrac{{\left( {x - 6} \right)\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{2\left( {x + 5} \right).\left( { - 1} \right)\left( {x - 6} \right)}} = \dfrac{{x + 6}}{{ - 2}} = \dfrac{{-x- 6}}{{ 2}}\)

\(c)\dfrac{{1 - {y^3}}}{{y + 1}}.\dfrac{{5y + 5}}{{{y^2} + y + 1}} = \dfrac{{\left( {1 - y} \right)\left( {1 + y + {y^2}} \right).5\left( {y + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {y + 1} \right).\left( {{y^2} + y + 1} \right)}} = 5\left( {1 - y} \right)\)

\(d)\dfrac{{x + 2y}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}}}.\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right) = \dfrac{{\left( {x + 2y} \right).\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)}}{{{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)}^2}}} = \dfrac{{x + 2y}}{{2{\rm{x}} - y}}\)

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}R = {x^3} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}y - {x^2}y + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\\R = {x^3} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}y - {x^2}y} \right) + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\\R = {x^3} - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\end{array}\)

\(a)\left( { - \frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}} \right):\left( { - \frac{{5{y^2}}}{{12{\rm{x}}y}}} \right) = \frac{{ - 3{\rm{x}}}}{{5{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}.\frac{{ - 12{\rm{x}}y}}{{5{y^2}}} = \frac{{36{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}{{25{\rm{x}}{y^4}}}\)

b) \(\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}-1}{8{{\text{x}}^{3}}-1}:\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+4\text{x}+1}{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1}=\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}-1}{8{{\text{x}}^{3}}-1}.\frac{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1}{4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+4\text{x}+1}\)

\(=\frac{\left( 2\text{x}-1 \right)\left( 2\text{x}+1 \right)\left( 4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1 \right)}{\left( 2\text{x}-1 \right)\left( 4{{\text{x}}^{2}}+2\text{x}+1 \right){{\left( 2\text{x}+1 \right)}^{2}}}=\frac{1}{2\text{x}+1}\).

\(\)\(a)\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}\)và \(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}\)

Ta có: MTC là : \(12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}\).

Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}\)là 3x

Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}\)là 2y

Khi đó: \(\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}} = \frac{{1.3{\rm{x}}}}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}.3{\rm{x}}}} = \frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}}}\)

\(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}} = \frac{{5.2y}}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y.2y}} = \frac{{10y}}{{12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}}}\)

 \(b)\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}}\)và \(\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}}\).

Ta có: \(\begin{array}{l}4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36 = 4({x^2} - 9) = 4(x - 3)(x + 3)\\{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9 = {(x + 3)^2}\end{array}\)

MTC là: \(4(x - 3){(x + 3)^2}\)

Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}}\)là: x + 3

Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}}\)là 4(x – 3)

Khi đó: \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}} = \frac{9}{{4({x^2} - 9)}} = \frac{9}{{4(x - 3)(x + 3)}} = \frac{{9(x + 3)}}{{4(x - 3){{(x + 3)}^2}}}\\\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}} = \frac{1}{{{{(x + 3)}^2}}} = \frac{{4(x - 3)}}{{4(x - 3){{(x + 3)}^2}}}\end{array}\)