Bài 1.

a)

\((x-2)(2x-1)-(2x-3)(x-1)-2\\=2x^2-x-4x+2-(2x^2-2x-3x+3)-2\\=2x^2-5x+2-(2x^2-5x+3)-2\\=2x^2-5x+2-2x^2+5x-3-2\\=(2x^2-2x^2)+(-5x+5x)+(2-3-2)\\=-3\)

b)

\(x(x+3y+1)-2y(x-1)-(y+x+1)x\\=x^2+3xy+x-2xy+2y-xy-x^2-x\\=(x^2-x^2)+(3xy-2xy-xy)+(x-x)+2y\\=2y\)

Bài 2.

a)

\((14x^3+12x^2-14x):2x=(x+2)(3x-4)\\\Leftrightarrow 14x^3:2x+12x^2:2x-14x:2x=3x^2-4x+6x-8\\ \Leftrightarrow 7x^2+6x-7=3x^2+2x-8\\\Leftrightarrow (7x^2-3x^2)+(6x-2x)+(-7+8)=0\\\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+4x+1=0\\\Leftrightarrow (2x)^2+2\cdot 2x\cdot 1+1^2=0\\\Leftrightarrow (2x+1)^2=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2x+1=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2x=-1\\\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}2\)

b)

\((4x-5)(6x+1)-(8x+3)(3x-4)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2+4x-30x-5-(24x^2-32x+9x-12)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2-26x-5-(24x^2-23x-12)=15\\\Leftrightarrow 24x^2-26x-5-24x^2+23x+12=15\\\Leftrightarrow -3x+7=15\\\Leftrightarrow -3x=8\\\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-8}3\\Toru\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne1;x\ne-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{3x^3-7x^2+5x-1}{2x^3-x^2-4x+3}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(3x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(2x+3\right)}=\dfrac{3x-1}{2x+3}\)

Lời giải:
a. $x^3-4x^2+x+6=(x^3-2x^2)-(2x^2-4x)-(3x-6)$

$=x^2(x-2)-2x(x-2)-3(x-2)=(x-2)(x^2-2x-3)$
$=(x-2)[(x^2+x)-(3x+3)]=(x-2)[x(x+1)-3(x+1)]$

$=(x-2)(x+1)(x-3)$

-------------------

b.

$x^3+7x^2+14x+8=(x^3+x^2)+(6x^2+6x)+(8x+8)$

$=x^2(x+1)+6x(x+1)+8(x+1)=(x+1)(x^2+6x+8)$

$=(x+1)[(x^2+2x)+(4x+8)]=(x+1)[x(x+2)+4(x+2)]$

$=(x+1)(x+2)(x+4)$

 Câu a bạn xem lại đề bài nhé. Đa thức đề cho thậm chí còn không có nghiệm hữu tỉ luôn cơ.

 b) Lập sơ đồ Horner:

\(\Rightarrow x^3+7x^2+14x+8=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)\)

 Ta thấy đa thức \(g\left(x\right)=x^2+6x+8\), dự đoán được 1 nghiệm \(x=-2\). Ta lại lập sơ đồ Horner:

\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)

Vậy đa thức đã cho có thể được phân tích thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)

\(F=-3\left(x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)-\left(x+5\right)\left(2-3x\right)-4x\left(x-6\right)\)

\(=-3\left(-3-8\right)\left(-6+1\right)-\left(5-3\right)\left(2+9\right)+12\left(-9\right)\)

\(=-3\left(-11\right)\left(-5\right)-\left(-2\right)11-12.9\)

\(=-165+22-108=22-273=-251\)

\(G=\left(5x-4\right)\left(5-2x\right)-7x\left(x^2-4x+3\right)+\left(x^2-4x\right)\left(7x-2\right)\)

\(=\left(5-4\right)\left(5-2\right)-7\left(1-4+3\right)+\left(1-4\right)\left(7-2\right)\)

\(=3-7.0+5.\left(-3\right)=3-15=-12\)

\(H=\left(-3x+5\right)\left(x-6\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)+\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-3\right)\)

\(=\left(3+5\right)\left(-1-6\right)-\left(-1-1\right)\left(1+2+3\right)+\left(-1+2\right)\left(1-3\right)\)

\(=8\left(-7\right)-\left(-2\right)6+1\left(-2\right)=-56+12-2=-46\)

\(L=5x\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3\right)-10x\left(x^2-4x+5\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\)

\(=-\frac{5}{3}\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)\left(-\frac{2}{3}+3\right)+\frac{10}{3}\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{4}{3}+5\right)-\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{3}-4\right)\)

\(=\frac{20}{9}\left(\frac{7}{3}\right)+\frac{10}{3}\left(\frac{13}{9}+5\right)+\frac{4}{3}\left(-\frac{13}{3}\right)\)

\(=\frac{140}{27}+\frac{10}{3}.\frac{58}{9}-\frac{52}{9}\)

\(=\frac{140}{27}+\frac{580}{27}-\frac{156}{27}=\frac{140+580-156}{27}=\frac{720-156}{27}=\frac{564}{27}\)

\(M=-7x\left(x-5\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-x-2\right)+x^2\left(x-3\right)-5x\left(x-8\right)\)

\(=\frac{-7}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-5\right)+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2}-2\right)}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}-3\right)-\frac{5}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-8\right)\)

\(=\frac{7}{2}.\frac{9}{2}-\frac{9}{8}-\frac{1}{4}.\frac{5}{2}+\frac{5}{2}.\frac{15}{2}\)

\(=\frac{63}{4}-\frac{9}{8}-\frac{5}{8}+\frac{75}{4}=\frac{138}{4}-\frac{7}{4}=\frac{131}{4}\)

a)      \(2x\left(5-3x^2\right)-10\left(6+x\right)\)

     \(=10x-6x^3-60-10x\)

     \(=\) \(-6x^3-60\)

a) \(2x\left(5-3x^2\right)-10\left(6+x\right)\\ =2x.5-2x.3x^2-10.6-10.x\\ =10x-6x^3-60-10x\)

b) \(3\left(-x+2\right)-6\left(1-x+5x^{20}\right)\\ =-3.x+3.2-6.1+6.x-5.5x^{20}\\ =-3x+6-6+6x-25x^{20}=25x^{20}+3x\)

c) \(7x\left(2-5x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x^3\right)-14x\left(1-2x^2\right)\\ =7x.2-7x.5x^2+7x.\dfrac{1}{2}x^3-14x.1+14x.2x^2\\ =14x-25x^3+\dfrac{7}{2}x^4-14x+28x^3=3x^2+\dfrac{7}{2}x^4\) 

b)    \(3\left(-x+2\right)-6\left(1-x+5x^{20}\right)\)

  \(=-3x+6-6+6x-30x^{20}\)

  \(=3x-30x^{20}\)

\(a)\frac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}=\frac{(x-3)^2(2x+5)}{(3x-1)(x-3)^2}(ĐK:x\ne3,x\ne\frac{1}{3})\)

                                                \(=\frac{2x+5}{3x-1}\)

Còn bài b bạn tự làm nhé

Điều kiện: \(x\ne\left\{-1;-2;-5\right\}\)

\(\frac{x^3+x^2-4x-4}{x^3+8x^2+17x+10}=\frac{x^2\left(x+1\right)-4\left(x+1\right)}{x^2\left(x+1\right)+7x\left(x+1\right)+10\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+7x+10\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x+2\right)\right]}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\frac{x-2}{x+5}\)

Điều kiện: \(x\ne\left\{3;\frac{1}{3}\right\}\)

\(\frac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}=\frac{2x^3-6x^2-x^2+3x-15x+45}{3x^3-9x^2-10x^2+30x+3x-9}\)

\(=\frac{2x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)-15\left(x-3\right)}{3x^2\left(x-3\right)-10x\left(x-3\right)+3\left(x-3\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2x^2-x-15}{3x^2-10x+3}=\frac{2x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)}{3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\frac{2x+5}{3x-1}\)