Tính nhanh:
\(n^2+\left(n+2\right)^2+\left(n+4\right)^2+\left(n+6\right)^2...+\left(n+98\right)^2+\left(n+100\right)^2\) với \(n\in\)|N*
Tính nhanh:
\(n^2+\left(n+2\right)^2+\left(n+4\right)^2+\left(n+6\right)^2+...+\left(n+98\right)^2+\left(n+100\right)^2\) với \(n\in\)|N*
Chứng minh rằng với \(n\in N\)* thì:
a, \(1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
b, \(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=\left(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right)^2\)
c, \(n+2\left(n-1\right)+3\left(n-2\right)+...+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{6}\)
Chứng minh các mệnh đề sau:
\(a,1^2+2^2+...+n^2=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\) \(\forall n\in N\) *
\(b,1.2+2.3+...+n\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\) \(\forall n\in N\) *
Bằng phương pháp quy nạp, chứng minh các đẳng thức sau với \(n\in N^{\circledast}\)
a) \(A_n=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)}\)
b) \(B_n=1+3+6+10+...+\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{6}\)
c) \(S_n=\sin x+\sin2x+\sin3x+...+\sin nx=\dfrac{\sin\dfrac{nx}{2}\sin\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)x}{2}}{\sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\)
b)
Với n = 1.
\(VT=B_n=1;VP=\dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)\left(1+2\right)}{6}=1\).
Vậy với n = 1 điều cần chứng minh đúng.
Giả sử nó đúng với n = k.
Nghĩa là: \(B_k=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{6}\).
Ta sẽ chứng minh nó đúng với \(n=k+1\).
Nghĩa là:
\(B_{k+1}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+1+1\right)\left(k+1+2\right)}{6}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{6}\).
Thật vậy:
\(B_{k+1}=B_k+\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\)\(=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{6}+\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{6}\).
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với mọi n.
c)
Với \(n=1\)
\(VT=S_n=sinx\); \(VP=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{x}{2}sin\dfrac{2}{2}x}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}=sinx\)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với \(n=1\).
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh đúng với \(n=k\).
Nghĩa là: \(S_k=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{kx}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\).
Ta cần chứng minh nó đúng với \(n=k+1\):
Nghĩa là: \(S_{k+1}=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\).
Thật vậy từ giả thiết quy nạp ta có:
\(S_{k+1}-S_k\)\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}-\dfrac{sin\dfrac{kx}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}.\left[sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}-sin\dfrac{kx}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}.2cos\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sim\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(=2sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}cos\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}=2sin\left(k+1\right)x\).
Vì vậy \(S_{k+1}=S_k+sin\left(k+1\right)x\).
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với mọi n.
\(u:{\mathbb{N}^*} \to \mathbb{R}\)
\(n \mapsto {u(n)} = {n^2}\)
Tính \(u\left( 1 \right);u\left( 2 \right);u\left( {50} \right);u\left( {100} \right)\).
\(u\left(1\right)=1^2=1\\ u\left(2\right)=2^2=4\\ u\left(50\right)=50^2=2500\\ u\left(100\right)=100^2=10000.\)
u(1)=1^2=1
u(2)=2^2=4
u(50)=50^2=2500
u(100)=100^2=10000
Chứng minh :\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}}< n+1\left(n\in Z^+\right)\)
Vì \(n\in Z^+\)nên\(n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)>n^3\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}>n\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}>n\)(1)
Lại có:\(n^2+2n+1>n^2+2n\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^2>n\left(n+2\right)\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^3>n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+3n+1}>\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n+n+1}>\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)^3}>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow n+1>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}< n+1\)
\(n\in Z^+\)nên n2 < n2 + 2n < n2 + 2n + 1 <=> n2 < n(n + 2) < (n + 1)2 => n3 < n(n + 1)(n + 2) < (n + 1)3
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}< n+1\)
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n}\)\(< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n+1}\)\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}=\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1\right)^2}=n+1\)
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n}\)
\(< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}}< n+1\)
Tiếp tục như vậy,ta có đpcm.
Sorry ! n2 < n(n + 2) nên n3 < n(n + 1)(n + 2) (vì n < n + 1)
\(\left(\frac{2}{2.3}-1\right)\left(\frac{2}{3.4}-1\right)\left(\frac{2}{4.5}\right)........\left(\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}-1\right)\left(n\in N\ne0,n\ge2\right)\)
Cho \(M=\dfrac{1.3.5.7.....\left(2n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right).....2n}\) với \(n\in\) N* .
Chứng minh rằng \(M< \dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)
Lời giải:
\(M=\frac{1.2.3.4.5.6.7...(2n-1)}{2.4.6...(2n-2).(n+1)(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2.1.2.2.2.3...2(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)...2n}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).n(n+1)..(2n-1).2}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.(2n-1)!.2}=\frac{1}{2^{n-1}.2}<\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Tính
\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4^2}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\left(n\in N,n\ge2\right)\)