1, \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=b+c+d\left(1\right)\\3b=a+c+d\left(2\right)\\3c=a+b+d\left(3\right)\\3d=a+b+c\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)=a+b+2c+2d\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=2\left(c+d\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b=c+d\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)

Tương tự cũng có: \(\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}=1;\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=1;\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A=4\)

2, Có \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{14}{56}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;2;3\right),\left(-1;-2;-3\right)\)

Bài 2 :

a, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{2x+1}{5}=\dfrac{3y-2}{7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{5+7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{6x}\)

\(\Rightarrow6x=12\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\Rightarrow y=3\)

Vậy ...

Giải:
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{b+c+1}{a}=\frac{a+c+2}{b}=\frac{a+b-3}{c}=\frac{b+c+1+a+c+2+a+b-3}{a+b+c}=\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

Có: \(2=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow a+b+c=\frac{1}{2}\)

Xét \(\frac{b+c+1}{a}=2\Rightarrow b+c+1=2a\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+1=3a\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+1=3a\)

\(\Rightarrow3a=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)

Xét \(\frac{a+c+2}{b}=2\Rightarrow a+c+2=2b\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+2=3b\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+2=3b\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{5}{2}=3b\)

\(\Rightarrow b=\frac{5}{6}\)

Xét \(\frac{a+b-3}{c}=2\Rightarrow a+b-3=2c\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-3=3c\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-3=3c\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{-5}{2}=3c\)

\(\Rightarrow c=\frac{-5}{6}\)

Vậy bộ số \(\left(a;b;c\right)\) là \(\left(\frac{1}{2};\frac{5}{6};\frac{-5}{6}\right)\)

\(\frac{b+c+1}{a}=\frac{a+c+2}{b}=\frac{a+b-3}{c}=\frac{b+c+1+a+c+2+a+b-3}{a+b+c}=2\)(T/C...)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+c}=2\Rightarrow a+b+c=\frac{1}{2}=0,5\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c+1}{a}=2\Rightarrow\frac{0,5-a+1}{a}=2\Rightarrow1,5-a=2a\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+2}{b}=2\Rightarrow\frac{0,5-b+2}{b}=2\Rightarrow2,5-b=2b\Rightarrow b=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow c=0,5-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{5}{6}=-\frac{5}{6}\)

áp dụng t.c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{b+c+1}{a}=\frac{a+c+2}{b}=\frac{a+b-3}{c}=\frac{b+c+1+a+c+2+a+b-3}{a+b+c}=2\)(vì a+b+c khác 0)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+c}=2\Rightarrow a+b+c=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{b+c+1}{a}=2\Rightarrow2a=b+c+1\Rightarrow3a=a+b+c+1\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{a+c+2}{b}=2\Rightarrow2b=a+c+2\Rightarrow3b=a+b+c+2\Rightarrow b=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\frac{a+b-3}{c}=2\Rightarrow2c=a+b-3\Rightarrow3c=a+b+c-3\Rightarrow c=-\frac{5}{6}\)

Vậy \(a=\frac{1}{2},b=\frac{5}{6},c=-\frac{5}{6}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có: 

Nếu a + b + c = 0 => a = b = c = 0 

Nếu a + b + c khác 0

Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nhau 

\(\frac{a}{b+c-5}=\frac{b}{a+c+3}=\frac{c}{a+b+2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2a+2b+2c}=\frac{1}{2}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=1-a\\b+a=1-c\\a+c=1-b\end{cases}}\)

Khi đó ta có: \(\frac{a}{1-a-5}=\frac{b}{1-b+3}=\frac{c}{1-c+2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

=> \(\frac{a}{-a-4}=\frac{b}{-b+4}=\frac{c}{-c+3}=\frac{1}{2}\)

=> a = -4/3; b = 4/3; c = 1

Bài 2: Mình nghĩ câu a là a+2b-3c=-20

a) Ta có: a/2 = b/3 = c/4 = 2b/6 = 3c/12 = a + 2b - 3c/ 2 + 6 - 12 = -20/-4 = 5

a/2 = 5 => a = 2 . 5 = 10

b/3 = 5 => b = 5 . 3 = 15

c/4 = 5 => c = 5 . 4 = 20

Vậy a = 10; b = 15; c = 20

b) Ta có: a/2 = b/3 => a/10 = b/15

              b/5 = c/4 => b/15 = c/12

=> a/10 = b/15 = c/12 = a - b + c / 10 - 15 + 12 = -49/7 = -7

a/10 = -7 => a = -7 . 10 = -70

b/15 = -7 => b = -7 . 15 = -105

c/12 = -7 => c = -7 . 12 = -84

Vậy a = -70; b = -105; c = -84.

bài 1

a:b:c:d=2:3:4:5=

Bài 1:

Ta có: a:b:c:d = 2:3:4:5

=> a/2 = b/3 = c/4 = d/5 = a+b+c+d/2+3+4+5 = -42/14 = -3

a/2 = -3 => a = -3 . 2 = -6

b/3 = -3 => b = -3 . 3 = -9

c/4 = -3 => c = -3 . 4 = -12

d/5 = -3 => d = -3 . 5 = -15

Vậy a = -6; b = -9; c = -12; d = -15.

Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)

Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Áp dụng:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)

b.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)

Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):

\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)