\(a.\)\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)=>   \(ad=bc\)=>   \(ad+ab=bc+ab\)=> a x ( b + d) = b x ( a + c )

=>  \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(b.\)\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+a}{c-a}\)=>  \(\frac{a+b}{c+a}=\frac{a-b}{c-a}\)( Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau )

=>\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{a}\)=>  \(a^2=bc\)( đpcm)

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Ta có :

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{c^2+d^2+2cd}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)( 1 )

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{c^2+d^2-2cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) suy ra : \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)

TH1 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{c}\)( 3 )

TH2 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2d}=\frac{b}{d}\)( 4 )

Từ ( 3 ) và ( 4 ) suy ra : \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)

TH2 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{d-c}=\frac{2b}{2c}=\frac{b}{c}\)( 5 )

\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{d-c}=\frac{2a}{2d}=\frac{a}{d}\)( 6 )

Từ ( 5 ) và ( 6 ) suy ra : \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{d}\)hay \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\)

Vậy nếu \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)thì \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\\\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\end{cases}}\)

Bài 2 :

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\cdot1=4\)

( Do \(a+b+c=abc\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=2\) (đpcm)

P/s : Cho hỏi bài 1 có a,b,c > 0 không ?

Khuyến mãi thêm bài 1 :))

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có :

\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}\cdot\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=\frac{2a}{c}\) (1)

Tương tự ta có :

\(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)(2), \(\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) (3)

Cộng các vế của BĐT (1) (2) và (3) và chia 2 ta có :

\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được :

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\left(2\right)\\\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

Từ (1), (2), (3), suy ra : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{c-a+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)=\(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

Tuong tu => DPCM

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)

\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 đẳng thức trên ta có đpcm.

Ta có: \(a^2=bc\)

=> \(bc-a^2=a^2-bc\)

<=> \(bc-a^2+ac-ab=a^2-bc+ac-ab\)

<=> \(\left(ac-a^2\right)+\left(bc-ab\right)=\left(a^2-ab\right)+\left(ac-bc\right)\)

<=> \(a\left(c-a\right)+b\left(c-a\right)=a\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\)

<=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(c-a\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(a-b\right)\)

<=> \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{a+c}{c-a}\)(đpcm)

TA CÓ \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{p}{q}=\frac{am}{bm}=\frac{nc}{nd}=\frac{ep}{eq}\)

ÁP DỤNG TÍNH CHẤT DÃY TỈ SỐ BẰNG NHAU TA CÓ 

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{p}{q}=\frac{ma}{mb}=\frac{nc}{nd}=\frac{ep}{eq}=\frac{ma+nc+ep}{mb+nd+eq}\)(ĐPCM)

ADTC dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\cdot1=b\\b=c\cdot1=c\\c=a\cdot1=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)