Bài 1: 

a) Ta có: \(x\left(x^2-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-2=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;2;-2\right\}\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)+\left(-3x\right)-\left(x-5\right)=40\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-3-3x-x+5=40\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x+2=40\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=38\)

hay x=-19

Vậy: x=-19

Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(-45\cdot12+34\cdot\left(-45\right)-45\cdot54\)

\(=-45\cdot\left(12+34+54\right)\)

\(=-45\cdot100\)

\(=-4500\)

b) Ta có: \(43\cdot\left(57-33\right)+33\cdot\left(43-57\right)\)

\(=43\cdot57-43\cdot33+43\cdot33-33\cdot57\)

\(=43\cdot57-33\cdot57\)

\(=57\cdot\left(43-33\right)\)

\(=57\cdot10=570\)

a) \(A=\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{2}{x-5}-\dfrac{2x+10}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)

\(A=\dfrac{x-5+2x+10-2x-10}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{x-5}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x+5}\)

b) \(A=-3\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+5}=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+5=-\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}-5=\dfrac{-16}{3}\)

\(9x^2-42x+49=\left(3x-7\right)^2=\left(3.\dfrac{-16}{3}-7\right)^2=\left(-23\right)^2=529\) \(\left(x=\dfrac{-16}{3}\right)\)

a: \(=12x^2-9x-12x^2-10x+6x+5=-13x+5\)

b: \(=3x\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-2x\left(x^2-9\right)+4x^2-16x\)

\(=3x^3-6x^2+3x-2x^3+18x+4x^2-16x\)

\(=x^3-2x^2+3x\)

c: \(=x^3-3x^2+3x-1+x^3+8+3\left(x^2-16\right)\)

\(=2x^3-3x^2+3x+7+3x^2-48=2x^3+3x-41\)

d: \(=\left(x^3+1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)=x^6-1\)

Bài làm:

a) \(\left|\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{5}{2}\right|-1=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{5}{2}\right|=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{5}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\\\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{5}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2}x=3\\\frac{1}{2}x=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=6\\x=4\end{cases}}\)

+ Nếu x = 6

\(\left|12-\frac{1}{3}y\right|=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}12-\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{5}{6}\\12-\frac{1}{3}y=-\frac{5}{6}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{67}{6}\\\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{77}{6}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=\frac{67}{2}\\y=\frac{77}{2}\end{cases}}\)

+ Nếu x = 4

\(\left|8-\frac{1}{3}y\right|=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}8-\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{5}{6}\\8-\frac{1}{3}y=-\frac{5}{6}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{43}{6}\\\frac{1}{3}y=\frac{53}{6}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=\frac{43}{2}\\y=\frac{53}{2}\end{cases}}\)

Vậy ta có 4 cặp số (x;y) thỏa mãn: \(\left(6;\frac{67}{2}\right);\left(6;\frac{77}{2}\right);\left(4;\frac{43}{2}\right);\left(4;\frac{53}{2}\right)\)

b) \(\frac{3}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)=\frac{5}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{4}{3}\)

Thay vào ta được:

\(\frac{2.\frac{4}{3}+y}{\frac{4}{3}-2y}=\frac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{32}{3}+4y=\frac{20}{3}-10y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow14y=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow y=-\frac{2}{7}\)

Vậy ta có 1 cặp số (x;y) thỏa mãn: \(\left(\frac{4}{3};-\frac{2}{7}\right)\)

ĐK : 6x \(\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge0\)

Khi đó |x + 1| = x + 1

|x + 2| = x +2

 |x + 3| = x +3 

|x + 4| = x + 4

|x + 5| = x +5

Khi đó |x + 1| + |x + 2| + |x + 3| + |x + 4| + |x + 5| = 6x

<=> x + 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 + x + 5 = 6x

<=> 5x + 15 = 6x

<=> x = 15 (tm)

Vậy x = 15

b) 3^{x + 2} - 3^{x + 1} - 3^x = 15.3⁴⁰

=> 3^x(3² - 3 - 1) = 15.3⁴⁰

<=> 3^x . 5 = 15.3⁴⁰

<=> 3^x = 3⁴¹

<=> x = 41 

Vậy x = 41

a,vì /x+1/,/x+2/,/x+3/,/x+4/,/x+5/\(\ge\)0 mà /x+1/+/x+2/+/x+3/+/x+4/+/x+5/=6x suy ra x>0

nên /x+1/+/x+2/+/x+3/+/x+4/+/x+5/=x+1+x+2+x+3+x+4+x+5=6x    ( giải thích: /x/=x khi x \(\ge0\))

   suy ra  5x+21=6x suy ra x=21

b, \(3^{x+2}-3^{x+1}-3^x=15.3^{40}\)
suy ra \(3^x\left(9-3-1\right)=5.3^{41}\)

suy ra \(3^x.5=5.3^{41}\Rightarrow x=41\)

a)\(\frac{1}{5}x-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{4}\left(x+2\right)\)

<=>\(\frac{1}{5}x-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{4}x+1\)

<=>\(-\frac{3}{10}x=\frac{4}{3}\)

<=>\(x=-\frac{40}{9}\)

b)\(\frac{5}{4}\left(x-3\right)=4+\frac{3}{2}x\)

<=>\(\frac{5}{4}x-\frac{15}{4}=4+\frac{3}{2}x\)

<=>\(-\frac{1}{4}x=\frac{31}{4}\)

<=>\(x=-31\)

c)\(\frac{5}{4}\left(x-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(x+4\right)\)

<=>\(\frac{5}{4}x-\frac{15}{4}=\frac{3}{2}x+6\)

<=>\(-\frac{1}{4}x=\frac{9}{4}\)

<=>x=-9