\(n_{O_2}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_S=0,4\left(mol\right);n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

a) \(S+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow SO_2\) (1)

Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) => Sau phản ứng O2 dư

\(4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\) (2)

\(n_{O_2\left(dưsaupu1\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Lập tỉ lệ ở pứ (2) \(\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,1}{5}\)=> P dư, O2 phản ứng hết

=> P không cháy hết

b) \(m_{oxit}=m_{SO_2}+m_{P_2O_5}=0,4.64+\dfrac{0,1.2}{5}.142=31,28\left(g\right)\)

nAl = 10,8: 27=0,4 (mol) 
pthh : 4Al + 3O2 -t--->2 Al2O3
          0,4---> 0,3 (mol) 
=>VO2  = 0,3 .22,4 = 6,72 (l)
ta  có  : VO2 = 1/5 Vkk <=> Vkk = VO2 : 1/5= 33,6 (l)
pthh : 2KClO3 -t--> 2KCl + 3O2 
               0,2<---------------------0,3  (mol) 
=> mKClO3 = 0,2 . 122,5 (g) 
pthh : 2KMnO4-t--> K2MnO4 + MnO2+ O2 
                 0,6<--------------------------------  0,3(mol) 
=> mKMnO4 = 0,6.158 = 94,8 (g)
     

Bài 1:

\(a,2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)

b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{32}=0,035mol\)

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1mol\)

\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,035}{1}\) => Cu dư, O₂ đủ

\(n_{Cu}\left(dư\right)=0,1-0,07=0,039\left(mol\right)\)

c, \(m_{CuO}=0,07.80=5,6g\)

Bài 2:

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,67}{32}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,21}{3}\) => Al dư, O₂ đủ

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,21=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,14.102=14,28g\)

$a) 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5$

$n_P = \dfrac{6,2}{31} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)$
$n_P : 4 = 0,05 < n_{O_2} :5 = 0,07$ nên $O_2$ dư

$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,35 - 0,25).32 = 3,2(gam)$

c) $n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_P = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)$

\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\a, 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\\ V\text{ì}:\dfrac{0,35}{5}>\dfrac{0,2}{4}\Rightarrow O_2d\text{ư}\\ n_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,35-\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b, m_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{n_P}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{r\text{ắn}}=m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,1=14,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a.PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) 

                    4         3            2

                   0,4      0,3         0,2

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,2.\left(27.2+16.3\right)=20,4\left(g\right)\\ c.V_{O_2}=n.24,79=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\) 

\(d.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12,8}{\left(16.2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) 

                 4         3          2

              0,53      0,4      0,27

Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,53}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}< \dfrac{0,27}{2}\Rightarrow Al_2O_3\) dư và dư \(m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,27.\left(27.2+16.3\right)=27,54\left(g\right).\)

a, \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

d, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\), ta được O₂ dư.

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,08}{27}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ a,n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ V_{Cl_2\left(\text{Đ}KTC\right)}=0,06.22,4=1,344\left(l\right)\\ b,C1:m_{AlCl_3}=m_{Al}+m_{Cl_2}=1,08+71.0,06=5,34\left(g\right)\\ C2:n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,04.133,5=5,34\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

           0,4<--0,3<---------0,2

=> m_Al = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)

b) C1: V_O2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)

C2: Theo ĐLBTKL: m_O2 = 20,4 - 10,8 = 9,6(g)

=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)=>V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c) V_kk = 6,72 : 20% = 33,6(l)

Bài 1 :

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)

..0,1....0,025....0,05.......

a, \(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m=m_{Na_2o}=n.M=3,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 :

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..0,1...0,075...

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

Mà : \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(Mg\right)}=0,4-0,075=0,325\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

.0,65.....0,325........

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=15,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=2,7+15,6=18,3\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~14,75\\\%Mg=~85,25\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Bài 3 :

- Gọi số mol Al và Mg lần lượt là x , y

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..x....0,75x

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

..y........0,5y...........

Có : \(n_{O_2}=0,75x+0,5y=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(I\right)\)

Lại có : \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=27x+24y=3,9\left(II\right)\)

- Giair ( i ) và ( ii ) ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~69,23\\\%Mg=~30,77\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Vậy ...

\(n_P=\dfrac{7,44}{31}=0,24mol\)

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

0,24   0,3      0,12

\(V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

0,2                           0,3

\(m_{KClO_3}=0,2\cdot122,5=24,5g\)

a. \(n_P=\dfrac{7.44}{31}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : 4P + 5O₂ ------t^o----> 2P₂O₅

            0,24    0,3

b. \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c. 2KClO₃ ---t^o---> 2KCl + 3O₂

       0,2                              0,3

\(m_{KClO_3}=0,2.122,5=24,5\left(g\right)\)