\(P=\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)}{abc}=\dfrac{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)}{abc}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}=x\ge\sqrt{2}\)

\(P=x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)x^2+\dfrac{x^2}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}\)

\(P\ge\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right).2+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{2\sqrt{2}x^2}}=2+\sqrt{2}\)

\(P_{min}=2+\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow a=b\) hay tam giác vuông cân

C/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\) (*)

Thật vậy , (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)=\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12=abc+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+abc=4\) (Đ)

=> (*) đúng ( đpcm ) 

Do \(2x^2-1\) luôn lẻ \(\Rightarrow y^3\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow y\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow y=2k-1\) với \(k>1\)

\(2x^2-1=\left(2k-1\right)^3=8k^3-12k^2+6k-1\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=4k^3-6k^2+3k=k\left(4k^2-6k+3\right)\)

- Nếu \(k⋮3\Rightarrow x^2⋮3\Rightarrow x⋮3\)

- Nếu \(k⋮̸3\), gọi \(d=ƯC\left(4k^2-6k+3;k\right)\) với \(d\ne3\)

\(\Rightarrow4k^2-6k+3-k\left(4k-6\right)⋮d\) 

\(\Rightarrow3⋮d\Rightarrow d=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4k^2-6k+3\) và \(k\) nguyên tố cùng nhau

Mà \(k\left(4k^2-6k+3\right)=x^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k^2=m^2\\4k^2-6k+3=n^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Xét \(4k^2-6k+3=n^2\Rightarrow16k^2-24k+12=\left(2n\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(4k-3\right)^2+3=\left(2n\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-4k+3\right)\left(2n+4k-3\right)=3\)

Giải pt ước số cơ bản này ta được nghiệm nguyên dương duy nhất \(k=1\) (không thỏa mãn \(k>1\))

Vậy \(x⋮3\)

Bài toán cơ bản:

\(abc=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\) 

Bunhiacopxki:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Cách 2:

Do \(abc=1\), đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}}{\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}.y^2z^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}=\dfrac{xyz^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)...

Từ đó, BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(\dfrac{xyz^2}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2yz}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}+\dfrac{xy^2z}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\ge\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2z+y^2x+z^2y\right)\ge\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:

\(\left(z+x+y\right)\left(x^2z+y^2x+z^2y\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{zx^2z}+\sqrt{xy^2x}+\sqrt{yz^2y}\right)^2=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\) (đpcm)