\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\a=m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\cdot102=20,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Vì hỗn hợp rắn qua dd HCl có thấy H₂ nên hh rắn chắc chắn có Al dư

\(PTHH:\left(a\right)4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ \left(b\right)Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ \left(c\right)2Al_{dư}+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(c\right)}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{13,35}{133,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3\left(c\right)}=n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2\left(c\right)}=\dfrac{2.0,075}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3\left(b\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.n_{AlCl_3\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{n_{AlCl_3\left(b\right)}}{2}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(a\right)}=2.n_{Al_2O_3}=2.0,025=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al\left(tổng\right)}=n_{Al\left(a\right)}+n_{Al\left(c\right)}=0,05+0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{Al\left(tổng\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,025=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0375.22,4=0,84\left(l\right)\)

Bài 1 :

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)

..0,1....0,025....0,05.......

a, \(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m=m_{Na_2o}=n.M=3,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 :

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..0,1...0,075...

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

Mà : \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(Mg\right)}=0,4-0,075=0,325\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

.0,65.....0,325........

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=15,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=2,7+15,6=18,3\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~14,75\\\%Mg=~85,25\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Bài 3 :

- Gọi số mol Al và Mg lần lượt là x , y

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..x....0,75x

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

..y........0,5y...........

Có : \(n_{O_2}=0,75x+0,5y=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(I\right)\)

Lại có : \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=27x+24y=3,9\left(II\right)\)

- Giair ( i ) và ( ii ) ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~69,23\\\%Mg=~30,77\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Vậy ...

Cách mà mình hay dùng:

\(20,4-10,8=9,6\) 

\(\Rightarrow A\)

Theo ĐLBTKL: m_Al2O3 = m_Al + m_O2

=> m_O2 = 20,4 - 10,8 = 9,6 (g)

=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

=> C

\(PTHH:2Al_2O_3\underrightarrow{t^o}4Al+3O_2\)

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có:

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=m_{Al}+m_{O_2}\\ m_{O_2}=m_{Al_2O_3}-m_{Al}=20,4-10,8=9,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{16}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(dktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

           0,4<--0,3<---------0,2

=> m_Al = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)

b) C1: V_O2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)

C2: Theo ĐLBTKL: m_O2 = 20,4 - 10,8 = 9,6(g)

=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)=>V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c) V_kk = 6,72 : 20% = 33,6(l)

a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)

b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)

2Cu+O2-to>2CuO

0,1-----0,05-----0,1

4P+5O2-to>2P2O5

n Cu=\(\dfrac{6,4}{64}\)=0,1 mol

=>VO2=0,05.22,4=1,12l

=>m CuO=0,1.80=8g

b) 

thiếu đề

a. \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6.4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : 2Cu + O₂ -> 2CuO

            0,1       0,05     0,1

\(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{CuO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\)

b. Thiếu số mol P 

nP2O5=0.3(mol)

4P+5O2->2P2O5

Theo pthh nP/nP2O5=2->nP=0.6(mol)

m=0.6*31=18.6(g)

nO2=5/2 nP2O5->nO2=5/2 *0.3=0.75(mol)

V=0.75*22.4=16.8(l)