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Giải

Đặt \(x=\dfrac{b+c}{a};y=\dfrac{c+a}{b};z=\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)

Ta phải chứng minh \(Σ\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^2+2}\le8\)

\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+2}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Lại theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(Σ\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z-3\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+6}\)

Ta còn phải chứng minh

\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz-6x-6y-6z+9\right)\)\(\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+4\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-12\left(x+y+z\right)+12\ge0\)

Bây giờ có \(xy+yz+xz\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\ge12\left(xyz\ge8\right)\)

Còn phải chứng minh \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2+24-12\left(x+y+z\right)+12\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z-6\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Bởi vì BĐT là thuần nhất, ta có thể chuẩn hóa \(a+b+c=3\). Khi đó

\(\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+6a+9}{3a^2-6a+9}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2\cdot\dfrac{4a+3}{2+\left(a-1\right)^2}\right)\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2\cdot\dfrac{4a+3}{2}\right)=\dfrac{4a+4}{3}\)

Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{\left(2b+c+a\right)^2}{2b^2+\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4b+4}{3};\dfrac{\left(2c+b+a\right)^2}{2c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4c+4}{3}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(Σ\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}\geΣ\left(4a+4\right)=8\)

Câu hỏi của Neet - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến:Gazeta Matematia

còn câu này là USAMO 2003

Toàn đề máu mặt :)

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(B=\frac{1}{(a+2b)(a+2c)}+\frac{1}{(b+2a)(b+2c)}+\frac{1}{(c+2a)(c+2b)}\)

\(\geq \frac{9}{(a+2b)(a+2c)+(b+2a)(b+2c)+(c+2a)(c+2b)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{(a^2+2ac+2ab+4bc)+(b^2+2bc+2ab+4ac)+(c^2+2bc+2ac+4ab)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+8(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{9}{(a+b+c)^2+6(ab+bc+ac)}(*)\)

Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cô-si:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)

\(\Rightarrow (a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)

\(\Rightarrow 2(a+b+c)^2\geq 6(ab+bc+ac)(**)\)

Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{(a+b+c)^2+2(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{3}{(a+b+c)^2}\geq \frac{3}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(do \(a+b+c\leq 3)\)

Do đó: \(B_{\min}=\frac{1}{3}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b+2c+2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow2b=3a-c\)\(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\Rightarrow2c=3b-a\)

\(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\Rightarrow2a=3c-b\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{2a.2b.2c}=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{8abc}\)

Đề bài sai với \(a=b=c=2\)

đề đúng nhớ áp dụng AM-GM

AD bđt AM-GM cho 3 số

\(\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+C}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4bc}.\dfrac{1}{2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}-\dfrac{3}{4b}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\)

thiết lập bđt tương tự r cộng lại \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )

Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)

TH1: 

\(y-5=1\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm )   ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )

Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}-2+\dfrac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}-2+\dfrac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}-2\le\dfrac{3}{2}-6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+2ac}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{a^2}{ac+bc}+\dfrac{2c^2}{bc+c^2}+\dfrac{2a^2}{ac+a^2}+\dfrac{2b^2}{ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)