Có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>ad=bc\) => a² = ad => a=d

Xét \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+a}{c-a}\)

<=> (a+b)(c-a) = (a-b)(c+a)

<=> (a+b)(c-d) = (a-b)(c+d)

<=> ac - ad + bc - bd = ac + ad -bc -bd

<=> 2bc = 2ad (luôn đúng) => đpcm

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\\\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \RightarrowĐpcm\)

a.

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)

Cộng vế:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

b.

Ta có:

\(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2\sqrt{ab.ac}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab.ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

1: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)

\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)

Do đó; \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)

2: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)

\(\dfrac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2-d^2k^2}{b^2-d^2}=k^2\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)

a)Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\) =>\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)

=>\(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

=>\(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{a-c}{b-d}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad=bc\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2-b^2}=\frac{c^2+d^2}{c^2-d^2}\)

\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Đặt:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=t\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bt\\c=dt\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{b^2t}{d^2t}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\\\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2t^2+b^2}{d^2t^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(t^2+1\right)}{d^2\left(t^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrowđpcm\)

b)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{t^2bd}{bd}=t^2\\\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2t^2+d^2t^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{t^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Đẳng thức đầu tiên sai:

Ví dụ: \(a=1;b=2;c=3;d=6\) thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Nhưng \(\dfrac{a.d}{c.d}\ne\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{b^2-d^2}\)

Với đẳng thức thứ 2:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Đặt :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

\(VT=\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bkdk}{bd}=\dfrac{bdk^2}{bd}=k^2\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2.k^2+d^2.k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) =>\(a=bk,c=dk\)

=> \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}=k.k=k^2\left(1\right)\)

\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

=\(\dfrac{k^2.\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1)và(2)=>\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

Chúc Bạn Học Tốt

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) = k \(\Rightarrow\) a = bk; c = dk

\(\Rightarrow\) + \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}\) = \(\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}\) = k . k = k² (1)

+ \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}\)= \(\dfrac{b^2.k^2+d^2.k^2}{b^2+d^2}\) = \(\dfrac{k^2.\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}\) = k² (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)