a: \(\Leftrightarrow2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow2n-1\in\left\{-1;1;3\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{0;1;2\right\}\)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow2\left(2n-1\right)-3⋮\left(2n-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2n-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow2n\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\left(n\in N\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;1;2\right\}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\\ \Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\\ \Leftrightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{-1;1\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow n=0\left(n\in N\right)\)

a, 

Ta có: 4n-5 chia hết cho 2n-1

=>4n-2-3 chia hết cho 2n-1

=>2.(2n-1)-3 chia hết cho 2n-1

=>3 chia hết cho 2n-1

=>2n-1=Ư(3)=(-1,-3,1,3)

=>2n=(0,-2,2,4)

=>n=(0,-1,1,2)

Vậy n=0,-1,1,2

b, 

a: \(n\in\left\{1;7\right\}\)

b: \(n-1\in\left\{-1;1;7\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{0;2;8\right\}\)

c: \(2n-1\in\left\{-1;1;7\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n\in\left\{0;2;8\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

a) – 13 là bội của n – 2
=>n−2∈Ư (−13)={1; −1;13; −13}
=> n∈{3;1;15; −11}
Vậy n∈{3;1;15; −11}.
b) 3n + 2 ⋮2n−1 => 2(3n + 2) ⋮2n−1 => 6n + 4 ⋮2n−1 (1)
Mà 2n−1⋮2n−1 => 3(2n−1) ⋮2n−1 => 6n – 3 ⋮2n−1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => (6n + 4) – (6n – 3) ⋮2n−1
=> 7 ⋮2n−1
=> 2n−1 ∈Ư(7)={1; −1;7; −7}
=>2n ∈{2;0;8; −6}
=>n ∈{1;0;4; −3}
Vậy n ∈{1;0;4; −3}.
c) n2 + 2n – 7 ⋮n+2
=>n(n+2)−7⋮n+2
=>7⋮n+2=>n+2∈{1; −1;7; −7}
=>n∈{−1; −3;5; −9}
Vậy n∈{−1; −3;5; −9}
d) n2+3n−5 là bội của n−2
=> n2+3n−5 ⋮ n−2
=> n2−2n+5n−10+5 ⋮ n−2
=> n(n - 2) + 5(n - 2) + 5 ⋮ n−2
=> 5 ⋮ n−2=>n−2∈{1; −1;5; −5}=>n∈{3; 1;7; −3}
Vậy n∈{3; 1;7; −3}.

a) \(4\left(n-1\right)-3⋮\left(n-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(n-1\right)\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)

Do \(n\in N\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\)

b) \(-5\left(4-n\right)+12⋮\left(4-n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(4-n\right)\inƯ\left(12\right)=\left\{-12;-6;-4;-3;-2;-1;1;2;3;4;6;12\right\}\)

Do \(n\in N\Rightarrow n\in\left\{16;10;8;7;6;5;3;2;1;0\right\}\)

c) \(-2\left(n-2\right)+6⋮\left(n-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\inƯ\left(6\right)=\left\{-6;-3;-2;-1;1;2;3;6\right\}\)

Do \(n\in N\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;1;3;4;5;8\right\}\)

d) \(n\left(n+3\right)+6⋮\left(n+3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(n+3\right)\inƯ\left(6\right)=\left\{-6;-3;-2;-1;1;2;3;6\right\}\)

Do \(n\in N\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;3\right\}\)

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