Đề bài sai với \(a=b=c=2\)

đề đúng nhớ áp dụng AM-GM

AD bđt AM-GM cho 3 số

\(\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+C}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4bc}.\dfrac{1}{2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}-\dfrac{3}{4b}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\)

thiết lập bđt tương tự r cộng lại \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}{27^2.\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}\ge\dfrac{b}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}\ge\dfrac{c}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{9}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Đành giải tạm bằng nick này vì sợ một vài thành phần trẻ trâu anti phá phách :poor:

Phân tích và giải

Dễ thấy: Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(\Rightarrow L=Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\text{ và }F=-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Khi đó \(VT=L-F=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Ta sẽ chia làm 2 bước cm:

B1: \(Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\). Ta xét BĐT :

\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)}{8\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)}\) (cần tìm \(k\) thỏa mãn)

\(\Leftrightarrow8a\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)-3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=-3a^{2k}+2a^{k+1}-3a^{k+2}+2a^{2k+1}-3a^{2k+2}-3a^k+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(a\right)=2k\cdot-3a^{2k-1}+\left(k+1\right)2a^k-\left(k+2\right)3a^{k+1}+\left(2k+1\right)2a^{2k}-\left(2k+2\right)3a^{2k+1}-k\cdot3a^{k-1}+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow-12k=0\Rightarrow k=0\)

Hay BĐT phụ cần tìm là \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0\right)}{8\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) (bài này \(k\) đẹp ra luôn \(\farac{1}{4}\) cộng vào là ok =))

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng* \(\RightarrowΣ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\leΣ\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

B2: CM \(-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\le-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tự cm nhé Goodluck :v

đây là hệ số bất định

Một lời giải sơ cấp:

Đổi \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\).BDT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{3}{4}-\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]+\left[\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]-\dfrac{\sum\left(x^2+y^2\right)z-6xyz}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sum z\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]\ge0\)

hay \(S_a\left(y-z\right)^2+S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(*)

với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S_a=\dfrac{1}{4\left(y+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{x}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{4\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\\S_b=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{y}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}{4\left(x+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\\S_c=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Dễ thấy \(S_a;S_b;S_c\) không phải là luôn không âm.Giả sử \(x=max\left\{x;y;z\right\}\).

Từ đó suy ra \(S_a\ge0\).Xét \(S_b+S_c=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+z\right)^2}\ge0,\forall x;y;z>0\)

Do đó \(VT=S_a\left(x-y\right)^2+\left[S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với \(S_b+S_c\ge0\)

và điều này đúng hay không e không biết, quan trọng là .. Chúc Mừng Năm Mới !!

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) khi đó thu được \(xyz=1\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}=\dfrac{x^2yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{x}{y+z}\)

BĐT cần chứng minh được viết lại thành:\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{z+x}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

Đánh giá cuối cùng đúng theo BĐT Cauchy

Vậy BĐT được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi  a = b = c = 1.