a) 

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m}{23}\left(mol\right)\); \(n_K=\dfrac{m}{39}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂ (1)

            2K + 2H₂O --> 2KOH + H₂ (2)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{m}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{m}{78}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}>n_{H_2\left(2\right)}\)

=> Ống nghiệm cho natri sinh ra lượng H₂ nhiều hơn

b)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{a}{23}\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{a}{46}\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_K=\dfrac{b}{39}\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{b}{78}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\dfrac{a}{46}=\dfrac{b}{78}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{23}{39}\)

a.

\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

 \(\dfrac{m}{23}\)                                    \(\dfrac{2m}{23}\)  ( mol )

\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)

 \(\dfrac{m}{39}\)                                   \(\dfrac{2m}{39}\)    ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{2m}{23}>\dfrac{2m}{39}\)

=> Natri cho nhiều H2 hơn

\(a,n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{5,4}{18}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O ---> 2NaOH + H₂

LTL: 0,2 < 0,3 => H₂O dư

Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b,V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{NaOH}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1 : 

a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$

b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Na} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{Na} = 0,5.23 = 11,5(gam)$

c) $n_{NaOH} = n_{Na} = 0,5(mol)$

$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,2} = 2,5M$

$m_{H_2O} = D.V = 200.1 = 200(gam)$

$m_{dd} = 11,5 + 200 - 0,25.2 = 211(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,5.40}{211}.100\% = 9,48\%$

Bài 2:

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Al_2O_3\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ \Rightarrow Sau.p.ứng:Al_2O_3,O_2dư,N_2\\ n_{N_2}=\dfrac{80}{20}.0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{N_2}=28.0,4=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,1=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,025.32=0,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,05=5,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 : 

$n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Al} : 4 < n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư

Sau phản ứng, thu được : 

$n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,05.102 = 5,1(gam)$
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,075(mol) \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,1 - 0,075).32 = 0,8(gam)$
$n_{N_2} = 0,5 - 0,1 = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{N_2} = 0,4.28 = 11,2(gam)$

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ b.0,5.......0,5.........0,5..........0,25\left(mol\right)\\ b.m_{Na}=0,5.23=11,5\left(g\right)\\ c.C\%_{ddA}=C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.40}{0,5.23+200.1-0,25.2}.100\approx9,479\%\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2|\)

         2          2                2            1

        0,4                         0,4         0,2

a) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Na}=0,4.23=9,2\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+191,2-\left(0,2.2\right)=200\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{200}=8\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

nNa=0,2.21=0,4(mol)nNa=0,2.21=0,4(mol)

⇒ mNa=0,4.23=9,2(g)mNa=0,4.23=9,2(g)

b) CNaOH=16.100200=8CNaOH=16.100200=8⁰/₀

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{14,4}{18}=0,8mol\)

\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

0,8         0,8             0,8                 ( mol )

\(m_{Na}=0,8.23=18,4g\)

\(m_{NaOH}=0,8.40=32g\)

Số mol của nước là:
n_H2O=14,4/18=0,8(mol)
PTHH: Na+H2O→NaOH+1/2H₂
            0,8    0,8    0,8     0,4   ( mol)
a) Thể tích khí Hidro tạo thành(ĐKTC) là:
V_H2=0,4*22,4=  8,96(l)
b) Khối lượng Natri là:
m_Na=0,8*23 =18,4(g)
Khối lượng Bazơ tạo thành sau phản ứng là:
m_NaOH=0,8*40=32(g)