\(x+y=4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=4\)

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow4>=\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow x+y>=1\)(bđt svacxo)

\(x^2+y^2>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};xy< =\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=x^2+y^2-xy>=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}>=\frac{1^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(x+y=1;x=y\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

vậy min P là \(\frac{1}{4}\)khi x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)

a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1

b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)

Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)

Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:

\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Nếu tồn tại 1 số bằng 0 \(\Rightarrow P=1\)

Nếu x;y đều dương:

\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(P_{min}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài này có thể tìm được cả max:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+1}\le x\\x+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x}{y+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+1}\le x+y=1\)

\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right)\) và hoán vị

\(B=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{3}{3xy\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(B\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{\left(x+y\right)^3}=4+2\sqrt{3}\)

\(B_{min}=4+2\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}}\right)\) và hoán vị

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Shwarz:

$B=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)}+\frac{1}{xy}$

$=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{3}{3xy}$

$\geq \frac{(1+\sqrt{3})^2}{1-3xy+3xy}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$

Vậy $B_{\min}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $xy=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}$

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$M\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}.\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}=2\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2+1}{xy}}$
$=2\sqrt{xy+\frac{1}{xy}}$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM tiếp:

$1\geq x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\leq \frac{1}{4}$
$xy+\frac{1}{xy}=(xy+\frac{1}{16xy})+\frac{15}{16xy}$

$\geq 2\sqrt{xy.\frac{1}{16xy}}+\frac{15}{16xy}$

$\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{16}}+\frac{15}{16.\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{17}{4}$

$\Rightarrow M\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{17}{4}}=\sqrt{17}$

Vậy $M_{\min}=\sqrt{17}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$

\(x+2y=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}+y\)

\(P+\dfrac{6}{2}=\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{x}{2}+y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P+\dfrac{6}{2}=\left(\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+y\right)\)

vì x;y là số thực dương ,áp dụng BĐT Côsi ta có :

\(\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{x}{2}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{x}{2}}=2\sqrt{4}=2.2=4\)

\(\dfrac{1}{y}+y=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y}+y}=2\sqrt{1}=2.1=2\)

nên \(P+\dfrac{6}{2}\ge6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge6-\dfrac{6}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge3\)

vậy \(P_{min}=3\)