(a-b)^2=(a-b)(a-b)=a^2-ab-ab+b^2=a^2-2ba+b^2

(a-b)(a+b)=a^2+ab-ab-b^2=a^2-b^2

(a+3)^3=(a+b)^2*(a+b)

=(a^2+2ab+b^2)(a+b)

=a^3+a^2b+2a^2b+2ab^2+b^2a+b^3

=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3

1) \(a^2-2ab+b^2-9=\left(a-b\right)^2-9=\left(a-b-3\right)\left(a-b+3\right)\)

2) \(x^2+2x+1-y^2=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x+1-y\right)\left(x+1+y\right)\)

3) \(25-x^2-2xy-y^2=25-\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(5-x-y\right)\left(5+x+y\right)\)

\(1,=\left(a-b\right)^2-9=\left(a-b-3\right)\left(a-b+3\right)\\ 2,=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\\ 3,=25-\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(5-x-y\right)\left(5+x+y\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(N=a^2+b^2+2a-b-\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=a^2+2a+1+b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\forall a,b\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=-1 và \(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) Ta có: \(N=a^2+b^2+2a-b-\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=a^2+2a+1+b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\forall a,b\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=-1 và \(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c: Ta có: \(a\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)

\(=a^4+6a^3b+12a^2b^2+8ab^3-8a^3b-12a^2b^2-6ab^3-b^4\)

\(=a^4-2a^3b+2ab^3-b^4\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)\)

Ta có: b – a= - (a- b) nên

b - a 2 = - a - b 2 = - 1 2 . a - b 2 = a - b 2

5 a - b 3 + 2 a - b 2 : b - a 2 = 5 a - b 3 + 2 a - b 2 : a - b 2 = 5 a - b 3 : a - b 2 + 2 a - b 2 : a - b 2 = 5 a - b + 2