a) Đặt \(x=\sin t;t\in\left(-\frac{\pi}{2};\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow dx=\cos tdt\)

Suy ra : \(\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}}=\frac{\cos tdt}{\sqrt{\left(1-\sin^2t\right)^3}}=\frac{\cos tdt}{\cos^3t}=\frac{dt}{\cos^2t}=d\left(\tan t\right)\)

Khi đó \(\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}}=\int d\left(\tan t\right)=\tan t+C=\frac{\sin t}{\sqrt{1-\sin^2t}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+C\)

b) Vì \(x^2+2x+3=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)

nên ta đặt : \(x+1=\sqrt{2}\tan t;t\in\left(-\frac{\pi}{2};\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\Rightarrow dx=\sqrt{2}.\frac{dt}{\cos^2t};\tan t=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Suy ra \(\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+3}}=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}}=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{2\left(\tan^2t+1\right).\cos^2t}}\)

                        \(=\frac{dt}{\sqrt{2}\cos t}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\frac{\cos tdt}{1-\sin^2t}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.\left(\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t-1}-\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t+1}\right)\)

Khi đó \(\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+3}}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\left(\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t-1}-\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t+1}\right)=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\ln\left|\frac{\sin t-1}{\sin t+1}\right|+C\left(1\right)\)

Từ \(\tan t=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow\tan^2t=\frac{\sin^2t}{1-\sin^2t}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow\sin^2t=1-\frac{2}{x^2+2x+3}\)

Ta tìm được \(\sin t\) thay vào (1), ta tính được I

Dễ

Ta có :

\(I=\int\frac{dx}{\left(3\tan^2x-2\tan x-1\right)\cos^2x}=\int\frac{d\left(\tan x\right)}{3\tan^2x-2\tan x-1}\)

Đặt \(t=\tan x\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{dt}{3t^2-2t-1}=\frac{1}{3}.\frac{1}{t+\frac{1}{3}}\int\left(\frac{1}{t-1}-\frac{1}{t+\frac{1}{3}}\right)dt\)

= \(\frac{1}{4}\ln\left|\frac{t-1}{t+\frac{1}{3}}\right|=\frac{1}{4}\ln\left|\frac{3t-3}{3t +3}\right|+C\)

Thay trả lại :

\(t=\tan x\Rightarrow I=\frac{1}{4}\ln\left|\frac{3\tan x-3}{3\tan x+1}\right|+C\)

Thực hiện theo các bước sau :

Bước 1 : Biến đổi :

\(a_1\sin x+b_1\cos x=A\left(a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x\right)+B\left(a_2\cos x-b_2\sin x\right)\)

Bước 2 : Khi đó :

\(I=\int\frac{A\left(a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x\right)+B\left(a_2\cos x-b_2\sin x\right)}{\left(a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x\right)^2}dx=A\int\frac{dx}{a_2\cos x+b_2\sin x}+B\int\frac{\left(a_2\cos x+b_2\sin x\right)dx}{\left(a_2\cos x+b_2\sin x\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{A}{\sqrt{a^2_2+b^2_2}}\int\frac{dx}{\sin\left(x+\alpha\right)}-B\int\frac{1}{a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x}dx=\frac{A}{\sqrt{a^2_2+b^2_2}}\ln\left|\tan\left(\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\right)\right|-\frac{B}{a_2\cos x+b_2\sin x}+C\)

Trong đó : \(\sin\alpha=\frac{b_2}{\sqrt{a^2_2+b^2_2}_{ }};\cos\alpha=\frac{a_2}{\sqrt{a^2_2+b^2_2}}\)

a)

\(\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\frac{1}{\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2}dx\)

Đặt

\(\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}tant\) => dx=\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(1+tan^2t\right)dt\) =>\(\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\frac{1}{\frac{3}{4}\left(1+tan^2t\right)+\frac{3}{4}}\left(1+tan^2t\right)dt=\frac{3}{4}dt=\frac{3}{4}t+C\) 

Với \(\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}tant=>t=\left(\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{4x-1}\right)\)

Câu b nhá :

\(\frac{1}{x^2+2x+2}dx=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2^2}\right)}dx\)

Đặt

 \(x+1=\sqrt{2}tant=>dx=\sqrt{2}\left(1+tan^2t\right)dt\)

=> \(\frac{1}{x^2+2x+3}dx=\frac{1}{2\left(tan^2t+1\right)}.\left(1+tan^2t\right)dt=\frac{1}{2}dt=\frac{1}{2}t+C\)

Với

\(x+1=\sqrt{2}tant=>tant=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}<=>t=arctan\left(\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\)

\(I=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}}=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\right)}\)

                                   \(=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2\sqrt{\frac{3-x}{x+1}}}\)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{\frac{3-x}{x+1}}\Rightarrow\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Đổi cận : \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{7};x=0\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{3}\)

\(I=-\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^{\sqrt{3}}_{\sqrt{7}}dt=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}\right)\)

Ta thực hiện theo các bước sau :

Bước 1 : Biến đổi

\(a_1\sin^2x+b_1\sin x\cos x+c_1\cos^2x=\left(A\sin x+B\cos x\right)\left(a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x\right)+C\left(\sin^2x+\cos^2x\right)\)

Bước 2 : Khi đó :

\(I=\int\frac{\left(A\sin x+B\cos x\right)\left(a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x\right)+C\left(\sin^2x+\cos^2x\right)}{a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x}\)

  \(=\int\left(A\sin x+B\cos x\right)+C\int\frac{dx}{a_2\sin x+b_2\cos x}\)

= \(-A\cos x+B\sin x+\sqrt{\frac{C}{a^2_a+b_2^2}}\int\frac{dx}{\sin\left(x+\alpha\right)}\)

=\(-A\cos x+B\sin x+\frac{C}{\sqrt{a_2^2+b^2_2}}\ln\left|\tan\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\right|+C\)

Trong đó :

\(\sin\alpha=\frac{b_2}{\sqrt{a_2^2}+b^{2_{ }}_2};\cos\alpha=\frac{a_2}{\sqrt{a_2^2}+b^{2_{ }}_2}\)

\(I=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\int\frac{dx}{\sin\left(x+\alpha\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\int\frac{dx}{2\sin\frac{x+\alpha}{2}.\cos\frac{x+\alpha}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\int\frac{dx}{2\tan\frac{x+\alpha}{2}.\cos^2\frac{x+\alpha}{2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\int\frac{d\left(\tan\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\right)}{\tan\frac{x+\alpha}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\ln\left|\tan\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\right|+C\)

chịu

a₁sinx+b₁cosx=A(a₂sinx+b₂cosx)+B(a₂cosx-b₂sinx) roi the vo ,do la dung dong nhat thuc

ma ban lam cai nay lam chi ,dai hoc dau co ma