Ap dung \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Ta co \(P< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}}\right)\)  

=> \(P< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}}\right)< 2.1=2\)

Suy ra P khong phai so nguyen to

Vay ban ghi cach lam duoc khong 

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\frac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)

\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right).\sqrt{n}}\)

Suy ra \(\text{Tổng }=...< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{199}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{200}}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{200}}\right)< 2\)

Một số < 2 thì hiển nhiên ko phải là một số nguyên tố (SNT nhỏ nhất là 2)

ta sẽ chứng minh với \(a\in Q\) thì \(A=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}\) là số hữ tỉ 

ta có \(M=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\frac{2}{a}-\frac{2}{a+1}-\frac{2}{a\left(a+1\right)}-\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{a+1}+\frac{2}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}\right)^2+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}-\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)^2+2\left(\frac{1+a-\left(a+1\right)}{a\left(a+1\right).1}\right)=\left(1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)^2\)

=> \(\sqrt{M}=\left|1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ 

=> A lá số hữ tỉ 

Áp dụng thì ta có mỗi phân thức là số hữ tỉ nên tổng của nó là sô hưux tỉ

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(< \left(1+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được

\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2009\sqrt{2008}}\)

\(=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)< 2\)

Bài 2:

\(D=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{120\sqrt{121}+121\sqrt{120}}\)

Với mọi \(n\inℕ^∗\)ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{[\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}]^2-\left(n\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\left(\sqrt{n}+1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1-n\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{120}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{121}}\)

\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{121}}=\frac{10}{11}\)

Bài 1: chắc lại phải "liên hợp" gì đó rồi:V

\(\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2008}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}+\sqrt{2008}}\)

\(\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2006}}\)

Đó \(\sqrt{2009}+\sqrt{2008}>\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2006}\)

Nên \(\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2008}< \sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}\)

Tổng quát ta có bài toán sau, với So sánh \(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\text{ và }\sqrt{n-2}-\sqrt{n-3}\)

Với \(n\ge3\). Lời giải xin mời các bạn:)

Câu a) 

Có: \(A=\sqrt{2009}-\sqrt{2008}\Leftrightarrow A^2=1-2\sqrt{2009\cdot2008}\)

\(B=\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}\Rightarrow B^2=1-2\sqrt{2007\cdot2006}\)

Đương nhiên: \(2\sqrt{2009\cdot2008}>2\sqrt{2006\cdot2007}\)

Suy ra: \(A< B\)

a) Trục căn thức ở mỗi số hạng của biểu thức A,ta có:

 \(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}}{1-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{2-3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-...+\frac{\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}}{2007-2008}\)

= \(-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...-\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2008}\right)\)

=\(-1-\sqrt{2008}\)

b)Ta xét số hạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào biểu thức B ta được: 

B= \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{120}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{121}}=1-\frac{1}{11}\)= \(\frac{10}{11}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}}\)

\(=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{4}}-....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2006}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}-\sqrt{2007}}\)

\(=\frac{-1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}{2-1}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{3-2}-\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)}{4-3}+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{5-4}-...+\frac{1\cdot\left(\sqrt{2007}+\sqrt{2006}\right)}{2007-2006}-\frac{1 \left(\sqrt{2008}+\sqrt{2007}\right)}{2008-2007}\)

\(=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-...+\sqrt{2006}+\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2007}-\sqrt{2008}\) 

\(=-1-\sqrt{2008}\)

 Xét số hạng tổng quát ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào bài tập, ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)

\(< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(B=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)

\(=\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{-1}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}{-1}+...+\frac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{-1}\)

\(=-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}-...-\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}\)

\(=\sqrt{100}-1\)

\(=10-1\)

\(=9\)

Vì 9 chia hết cho 1; 3; 9 nên ko thể là số nguyên tố mà là hợp số.

=> ĐPCM

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