Cho 2,16g bột nhôm vào 200ml dung dịch H2SO4 1M.

a) Kim loại hay axit còn dư?(Khi phản ứng kết thúc)

b) Tính thể tích khí thu được(ở đktc)

c) Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch tạo thành sau phản ứng(Cho rằng thể tích dung dịch sau phản ứng vẫn là 200ml)

---

a) nAl=0,08(mol)

nH2SO4= 0,2(mol)

PTHH: 2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

Ta có: 0,08/2 < 0,2/3

=> Al hết (kim loại hết), H2SO4 dư, tính theo nAl

b) nH2= 3/2 . nAl= 3/2 . 0,08= 0,12(mol)

=> V(H2,đktc)= 0,12.22,4=2,688(l)

c) nAl2(SO4)3= 1/2 . nAl= 1/2. 0,08=0,04(mol)

nH2SO4(p.ứ)=3/2. nAl= 3/2. 0,08=0,12(mol)

=> nH2SO4(dư)=0,2-0,12=0,08(mol)

CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,04/ 0,2=0,2 (M)

CMddH2SO4(dư)=0,08/0,2=0,4(M)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: 

\(Zn+H_2SO_4--->ZnSO_4+H_2\)

\(Cu+H_2SO_4--\times-->\)

a. Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%_{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{6,5}{19,3}.100\%=33,7\%\)

\(\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-33,7\%=66,3\%\)

b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Đổi 200ml = 0,2 lít

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)

c. Ta có: \(V_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=0,2\left(lít\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)

nAl=0,2(mol)

mHCl=500.10%=50(g) => nHCl=50/36,5=100/73(mol)

PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +  3 H2

Vì: 0,2/2 < 100/73:6

=> Al hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAl

a) nH2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol) => V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)

b) mHCl(tham gia p.ứ)= 6/2. 0,2 . 36,5= 21,9(g)

c) mddsau= 5,4+500-0,3.2=504,8(g)

mAlCl3=0,2. 133,5= 26,7(g)

mHCl(DƯ)=  50 -21,9=28,1(g)

C%ddAlCl3= (26,7/504,8).100=5,289%

C%ddHCl(dư)= (28,1/504,8).100=5,567%

a. Ta có n Al = 5,4:27= 0,2(mol)

Pthh 2Al + 6HCl---> 2AlCl3+3H2

Có nH2= 0,3 => VH2= 0,3*22,4=6,72 

Có n HCl= 0,6 => m HCl= 0,6*36,5 = 21,9 g

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot10\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{100}{73}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{\dfrac{100}{73}}{6}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, Nhôm p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{11}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,6\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=504,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{504,8}\cdot100\%\approx5,3\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{11}{15}\cdot36,5}{504,8}\cdot100\%\approx5,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,05}=3M\\ PTHH:2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,075(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68(l)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ a/\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4(g)\\ b/\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15}{2}=0,75M c/\\ n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ CM_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75M\\\)

1)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

____0,1----->0,15

=> m_H2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7(g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{14,7}{250}.100\%=5,88\%\)

2)

\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

_______0,2------------------------------>0,2

=> V_CO2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(l)

3)

\(n_A=\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2A + Cl₂ --t^o--> 2ACl

____\(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\)---------->\(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\)

=> \(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\left(M_A+35,5\right)=46,8=>M_A=23\left(Na\right)\)

4)

n_HCl = 0,2.3 = 0,6(mol)

PTHH: M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂

____0,3<-----0,6

=> \(M_M=\dfrac{7,2}{0,3}=24\left(Mg\right)\)