nAl=0,2(mol)
mHCl=500.10%=50(g) => nHCl=50/36,5=100/73(mol)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
Vì: 0,2/2 < 100/73:6
=> Al hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAl
a) nH2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol) => V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
b) mHCl(tham gia p.ứ)= 6/2. 0,2 . 36,5= 21,9(g)
c) mddsau= 5,4+500-0,3.2=504,8(g)
mAlCl3=0,2. 133,5= 26,7(g)
mHCl(DƯ)= 50 -21,9=28,1(g)
C%ddAlCl3= (26,7/504,8).100=5,289%
C%ddHCl(dư)= (28,1/504,8).100=5,567%
a. Ta có n Al = 5,4:27= 0,2(mol)
Pthh 2Al + 6HCl---> 2AlCl3+3H2
Có nH2= 0,3 => VH2= 0,3*22,4=6,72
Có n HCl= 0,6 => m HCl= 0,6*36,5 = 21,9 g
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot10\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{100}{73}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{\dfrac{100}{73}}{6}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, Nhôm p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{11}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=0,6\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=504,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{504,8}\cdot100\%\approx5,3\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{11}{15}\cdot36,5}{504,8}\cdot100\%\approx5,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
