Read the text then decide these sentences are true or false

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Climate change

Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems, including rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.

The green house effect

While other planets in Earth's solar system are either scorching hot or bitterly old, Earth's surface has relatively mild, stable temperatures. Earth enjoys these temperatures because of its atmosphere, which is the thin layer of gases that cloak and protect the planet. However, 97 percent of climate scientists agree that humans have changed Earth's atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past two centuries, resulting in global warming The exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the Earth is often referred to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much the same way. Incoming UV radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is absorbed by the plants and hard surfaces inside. Weaker IR radiation, however, has difficulty passing through the glass walls and is trapped inside, thus warming the greenhouse. This effect lets tropical plants thrive inside a greenhouse, even during a cold winter.

Consequences of global warming

There are two major effects of global warming: the increase of temperature on the earth by about 30 to 50C (5.40 to 90Fahrenheit) by the year 2100 are Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82 feet) by the year 2100. Other consequences are listed below:

• Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice.

• Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing.

• The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased.

• Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts heat waves, and tornadoes.

• Higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions.

• Diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier

Sources: Wikipedia | Time for change

Circle the correct answers.

l. Climate change is the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth.

a. true b. false

2.Climate change observed in the last decades is natural.

a. true b. false

3. Fossil fuels are burnt which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.

a. true b. false

4. Greenhouse effects have no impacts on our health.

a. true. b. false

5. Earth's surface has relatively mild, stable temperatures while the others are not.

a. true b. false.

6. UV radiation and IR radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is trapped inside causing greenhouse effect.

a. true b. false

7. Sea levels are rising because of ice melt and thermal pollution.

a. true. b. false.

8. Global warming causes the increase of temperature on the earth and the rise of sea levels.

a. true. b. false

9. Humans have changed Earth's atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past twenty centuries.

a. true b. false

10. Global warming can cause some diseases like malaria.

a. true b. false

III. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

1. Sam _________ dinner 3 times this week
A. has cooked​B. has been cooking ​C. have been cooking​D. cooked 2. . ___________ the desalination plant, the company could offer an effective solution to the problem of water scarcity.

A. To bulid​B. Having built​C. Being built​D. Having beeen built

3. Why are your hands so dirty? – I ___________ my bike. I have yet to finish it.
A. repaired ​B. have been repaired ​C. has been repaired​D. have been repairing 4. It was in 1989_________ the Berlin Wall collapsed.

A. which​B. what​C. when​D. that

5. .He graduated with doctorates of _______ and surgery from Florence, gaining the highest honors that year.

a. medicine ​b. medical ​c. medicate ​d. medication

6. . _______________ skills help us analyze a problem scientifically.

A. Academic​B. Vocational​C. Analytical​D. Practical

7. Global warming is an increase in the average _______ of the earth’s atmosphere.

A. climate​B. balance​C. temperature​D. vehicle

8. Air ________________ is threatening the health of older people and children.

A. pollution​B. acid rain​C. deforestation​D. global warming

9. Global warming also has __________ impact on water supplies.

A. stable​B. severe​C. infectious​D. easy

10. A(n) _________disease is an illness that can be passed from one person to another.

A. dangerous​B. chemical​C. man-made​D. infectious

11. Global warming leads _______ climate change.

A. in​B. to​C. on​D. from

12. You are old enough. I think it is high time you applied _______ a job

a. in ​b. of ​c. for ​d. upon

13. The ozone layer helps ________________ us from the sun's rays.

A. change​B. reduce​C. protect​D. release

14. Many countries have signed up to international agreements which aim to reduce the negative ___________ of climate change.

A. disease​B. illness​C. emission​D. impact

15. The public praised the local farmers for ___________ milions of trees on the surrounding hills.

A. plant​B. being planted​C. being planting​D. having planted

16. Jonathan ___________ in God since he was a child
A. believed​B. has believed​C. has been believing ​D. have been believing 17. The test was so long and difficult; ………….., I finished it on time.

A. therefore ​B. so ​C. but ​D. however

18. We’ll focus ______the effects _____global warming ____ people’s health and life on Earth in general.

A. on/in/on​B. on/ of/in​C. on/of/on​D. in/of/on

19. Using chemical _________ for farming is one of the causes of global warming.

A. deforestation​B. fertilisers​C. heat-related​D. water supplies

20. Global warming is an increase in the average _______ of the earth’s atmosphere.

​A. climate​B. balance​C. temperature​D. vehicle

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

 

          Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods.
          These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid.
          The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These in turn could have a harmful effect on agriculture.
          It is thought that this unusual warming of the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet.
          Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world’s industrialized countries. Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyotoin Japanin 1997. There it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions.
          It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation.
          Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering

Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they _______.

A. are emitted by car engines

B. trap heat from the sun

C. do not add to atmosphere pollution

D. are unusual gases

Read the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each blank.

We are descendents of the ice age. Periods of glaciation have spanned the whole of human existence for the past 2 million years. The rapid melting of the continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of the most dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet. During this interglacial time, people were caught up in a cataclysm of human accomplishment, including the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Over the past few thousand years, the Earth’s climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and humans have prospered exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere.

Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning. It is even possible that life itself significantly changed the climate. All living organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and eventually store it in sedimentary rocks within the Earth’s crust. If too much carbon dioxide is lost, too much heat escapes out into the atmosphere. This can cause the Earth to cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land.

In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been equalized by the input of carbon dioxide from such events as volcanic eruptions. Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning fossil fuels and destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon dioxide. This energizes the greenhouse effect and causes the Earth to warm. If the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually melt.

The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Should the ice caps melt, warm tropical waters could circle the globe and make this a very warm, inhospitable planet.

Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of 6 inches, mainly because of the melting of glacial ice. If present warming trends continue, the seas could rise as much as 6 feet by the next century. This could flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population lives. Delicate wetlands, where many marine species breed, also would be reclaimed by the sea. In addition, more frequent and severe storms would batter coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas.

The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could cause massive amounts of ice to crash into the ocean. This would further raise the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area of sea ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. The cycle would then be complete as this could cause global temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age.

The word “this” in the third paragraph refers to 

A. man’s upsetting the equation

B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide. 

C. a volcanic eruption

D. the melting of the polar ice caps

Read the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each blank.

We are descendents of the ice age. Periods of glaciation have spanned the whole of human existence for the past 2 million years. The rapid melting of the continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of the most dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet. During this interglacial time, people were caught up in a cataclysm of human accomplishment, including the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Over the past few thousand years, the Earth’s climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and humans have prospered exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere.

Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning. It is even possible that life itself significantly changed the climate. All living organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and eventually store it in sedimentary rocks within the Earth’s crust. If too much carbon dioxide is lost, too much heat escapes out into the atmosphere. This can cause the Earth to cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land.

In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been equalized by the input of carbon dioxide from such events as volcanic eruptions. Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning fossil fuels and destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon dioxide. This energizes the greenhouse effect and causes the Earth to warm. If the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually melt.

The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Should the ice caps melt, warm tropical waters could circle the globe and make this a very warm, inhospitable planet.

Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of 6 inches, mainly because of the melting of glacial ice. If present warming trends continue, the seas could rise as much as 6 feet by the next century. This could flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population lives. Delicate wetlands, where many marine species breed, also would be reclaimed by the sea. In addition, more frequent and severe storms would batter coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas.

The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could cause massive amounts of ice to crash into the ocean. This would further raise the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area of sea ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. The cycle would then be complete as this could cause global temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age.

 The word “inhospitable” is closest in meaning to

 

 

A. imperfect.

B. uninhabitable.

C. unlikable

D. cruel.

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

          Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere. Average temperature around the world have risen by 0.75°C (1.4°F) (1) ______ the last 100 years. About two thirds of this increase has occured since 1975 in the past, when the Earth experienced increases in temperature it was the result of natural causes, but today it is being caused by accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by human (2) ______.
          The natural greenhouse effect maintains the Earth’s temperature at a safe level making it (3) ______ for humans and many other life forms to exist. However, since The Industrial Revolution what benefits human has significantly enhanced the greenhouse effect (4) ______ the Earth’s average temperature to rise by almost 1°C. This is creating the global warming (5) ______we see today

Điền ô số 2

A. behaviors

B. relationships

C. actions

D. activities

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

          Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere. Average temperature around the world have risen by 0.75°C (1.4°F) (1) ______ the last 100 years. About two thirds of this increase has occured since 1975 in the past, when the Earth experienced increases in temperature it was the result of natural causes, but today it is being caused by accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by human (2) ______.
          The natural greenhouse effect maintains the Earth’s temperature at a safe level making it (3) ______ for humans and many other life forms to exist. However, since The Industrial Revolution what benefits human has significantly enhanced the greenhouse effect (4) ______ the Earth’s average temperature to rise by almost 1°C. This is creating the global warming (5) ______we see today

Điền ô số 1

A. of

B. over

C. with

D. by

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

          Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere. Average temperature around the world have risen by 0.75°C (1.4°F) (1) ______ the last 100 years. About two thirds of this increase has occured since 1975 in the past, when the Earth experienced increases in temperature it was the result of natural causes, but today it is being caused by accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by human (2) ______.
          The natural greenhouse effect maintains the Earth’s temperature at a safe level making it (3) ______ for humans and many other life forms to exist. However, since The Industrial Revolution what benefits human has significantly enhanced the greenhouse effect (4) ______ the Earth’s average temperature to rise by almost 1°C. This is creating the global warming (5) ______we see today

Điền ô số 4

A. causing

B. making

C. made

D. caused

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

          Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface (both land and water) as well as its atmosphere. Average temperature around the world have risen by 0.75°C (1.4°F) (1) ______ the last 100 years. About two thirds of this increase has occured since 1975 in the past, when the Earth experienced increases in temperature it was the result of natural causes, but today it is being caused by accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by human (2) ______.
          The natural greenhouse effect maintains the Earth’s temperature at a safe level making it (3) ______ for humans and many other life forms to exist. However, since The Industrial Revolution what benefits human has significantly enhanced the greenhouse effect (4) ______ the Earth’s average temperature to rise by almost 1°C. This is creating the global warming (5) ______we see today

Điền ô số 3

A. likely

B. liable

C. possible

D. able