a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+65b=12,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=2n_{H_2}\) \(\Rightarrow2a+2b=0,4\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12,1}\cdot100\%\approx46,28\%\\\%m_{Zn}=53,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=n_{Zn}=n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot110\%=0,22\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,1\cdot152=15,2\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\cdot161=16,1\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,22-0,2\right)\cdot98=1,96\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=211,7\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,18\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,61\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,96}{22,4}\cdot100\%\approx0,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi $n_{Al} = a ; n_{Cu} = b ; n_{Fe} = c$

$\Rightarrow 27a + 64b + 56c = 30,2(1)$

Ta có : 

$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + c = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$
Mặt khác :

$27a + 56b - 0,4.2 = 30,2 - 20(3)$

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3 ; c = 0,1

$m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,3.64 = 19,2(gam)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)$

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\) (1)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\) (2)

Đặt \(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow56a+65b=12,1\)

Từ (1);(2)\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{n_{H_2}}=a+b=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\)

Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+65b=12,1\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{12,1}.100\%=46,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{12,1}.100\%=53,72\%\)

b) Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\).

Đáp án B

- Khi cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với H₂SO₄ loãng dư chỉ có Mg phản ứng sinh ra khí H₂ => nMg=nH₂=0,15 mol

- Khi cho hỗn hợp tác dụng với HNO₃ dư => Chỉ có Cu và Mg (kim loại thay đổi số oxi hóa)

BT e: nCu=(3nNO-2nMg)/2=0,15 mol

=>mCu=0,15.64=9,6 gam

a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(m_{HCl}=730.10\%=73\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

→ n_HCl > 2n_H2 ⇒ HCl dư.

Ta có: 27n_Al + 65n_Zn = 23,8 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{23,8}.100\%\approx45,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx54,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=2-1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 23,8 + 730 - 0,8.2 = 752,2 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx7,1\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{752,2}.100\%\approx3,62\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx1,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)