a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(m_{HCl}=730.10\%=73\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
→ nHCl > 2nH2 ⇒ HCl dư.
Ta có: 27nAl + 65nZn = 23,8 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{23,8}.100\%\approx45,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx54,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=2-1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 23,8 + 730 - 0,8.2 = 752,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx7,1\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{752,2}.100\%\approx3,62\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx1,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
