Bài 1: Ta có:

\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)

\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)

$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$

Bài 2:

Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên

\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)

Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$

Tương tự:

$c+d\leq cd+1$

$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$

Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$

$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$

$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$

Vậy $N_{\max}=3$

3.

Hình vẽ:

Lời giải:

a) △AMC và △BNC có: \(\widehat{AMC}=\widehat{BNC}=90^0;\widehat{ACB}\) là góc chung.

\(\Rightarrow\)△AMC∼△BNC (g-g).

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{AC}{BC}=\dfrac{CM}{CN}\Rightarrow AC.CN=BC.CM\left(1\right)\)

b) △AMB và △CPB có: \(\widehat{AMB}=\widehat{CPB}=90^0;\widehat{ABC}\) là góc chung.

\(\Rightarrow\)△AMB∼△CPB (g-g)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{AB}{CB}=\dfrac{BM}{BP}\Rightarrow AB.BP=BC.BM\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:

\(AC.CN+AB.BP=BC.CM+BC.BM=BC.\left(CM+BM\right)=BC.BC=BC^2\left(đpcm\right)\)b) Gọi \(M_0\) là trung điểm BC, giả sử \(AB< AC\).

\(\widehat{HBM}=90^0-\widehat{BHM}=90^0-\widehat{AHN}=\widehat{CAM}\)

△HBM và △CAM có: \(\widehat{HBM}=\widehat{CAM};\widehat{HMB}=\widehat{CMA}=90^0\)

\(\Rightarrow\)△HBM∼△CAM (g-g) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{MH}{CM}=\dfrac{BM}{MA}\Rightarrow MH.MA=BM.CM\)

Ta có: \(BM.CM=\left(BM_0-MM_0\right)\left(CM_0+MM_0\right)=\left(BM_0-MM_0\right)\left(BM_0+MM_0\right)=BM_0^2-MM_0^2\le BM_0^2=\dfrac{BC^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow MH.MA\le\dfrac{BC^2}{4}\).

Vì \(BC\) không đổi nên: \(max\left(MH.MA\right)=\dfrac{BC^2}{4}\), đạt được khi △ABC cân tại A hay A nằm trên đường trung trực của BC.

c) Sửa đề: \(S_1.S_2.S_3\le\dfrac{1}{64}.S^3\)

△AMC∼△BNC \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{AC}{BC}=\dfrac{MC}{NC}\Rightarrow\dfrac{AC}{MC}=\dfrac{BC}{NC}\)

△ABC và △MNC có: \(\dfrac{AC}{MC}=\dfrac{BC}{NC};\widehat{ACB}\) là góc chung.

\(\Rightarrow\)△ABC∼△MNC (c-g-c)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{S_{MNC}}{S_{ABC}}=\dfrac{S_1}{S}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}.\dfrac{NC}{BC}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự: 

△ABC∼△MBP \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{S_{MBP}}{S_{ABC}}=\dfrac{S_2}{S}=\dfrac{MB}{AB}.\dfrac{BP}{BC}\left(2\right)\)

△ABC∼△ANP \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{S_{ANP}}{S_{ABC}}=\dfrac{S_3}{S}=\dfrac{AN}{AB}.\dfrac{AP}{AC}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3) suy ra:

\(\dfrac{S_1}{S}.\dfrac{S_2}{S}.\dfrac{S_3}{S}=\left(\dfrac{MC}{AC}.\dfrac{NC}{BC}\right).\left(\dfrac{MB}{AB}.\dfrac{BP}{BC}\right).\left(\dfrac{AN}{AB}.\dfrac{AP}{AC}\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{S_1}{S}.\dfrac{S_2}{S}.\dfrac{S_3}{S}=\left(\dfrac{MC.MB}{AC.AB}\right).\left(\dfrac{BP.AP}{AC.BC}\right).\left(\dfrac{AN.CN}{AB.BC}\right)\) (*)

Áp dụng câu b) ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BM.CM\le\dfrac{1}{4}BC^2\\AP.BP\le\dfrac{1}{4}AB^2\\AN.CN\le\dfrac{1}{4}AC^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ (*) suy ra:

\(\dfrac{S_1}{S}.\dfrac{S_2}{S}.\dfrac{S_3}{S}\le\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}BC^2}{AC.AB}\right).\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}AC^2}{AC.BC}\right).\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}AB^2}{AB.BC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{64}\)

\(\Rightarrow S_1.S_2.S_3\le\dfrac{1}{64}.S^3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi △ABC đều.

Lời giải:

Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)

Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$

Lời giải:

Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)

Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$

Vi a + b + c = 1 nên bt tương đương với \(P=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

Ta có : \(P=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\frac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)( 1 ) 

Mặt khác :\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\left(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\right)^3=\frac{1}{27}\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{3}.\frac{1}{27}=\frac{1}{81}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1/3

Vậy maxP = 1/81 <=> a = b = c = 1/3

Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow1\le x\le y\le z\le2\)

\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+3\) (1)

Do \(x\le y\le z\Rightarrow\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz\ge y^2+zx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{z}+1\ge\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}\)

Tương tự: \(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)

Cộng vế: \(2+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) (2)

Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+5\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{z}{x}=t\Rightarrow1\le t\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(t+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}-5+10\)

\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{2t^2-5t+2}{t}+10=\dfrac{\left(t-2\right)\left(2t-1\right)}{t}+10\le10\)

\(B_{max}=10\) khi \(t=2\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right)\)