\(a,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ .......0,2......1,2......0,4.....0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2O\left(đktc\right)}=0,6\cdot22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{HCl}=36,5\cdot1,2=43,8\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd_{HCl}}=1,2\cdot36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{43,8}{200}\cdot100\%=21,9\%\)

\(d,m_{AlCl_3}=0,4\cdot133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd\left(sau.pứ\right)}=m_{Al_2O_3}+m_{dd_{HCl}}-m_{H_2}=20,4+200-10,8=209,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{53,4}{209,6}\cdot100\%\approx25,48\%\)

d)\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{mct.C\%}{100}=\dfrac{100.20}{100}=20\left(g\right)\)=>\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

tl1............1.............1..............1(mol)

So sánh\(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{1}\left(\dfrac{0,5}{1}< \dfrac{1,2}{1}\right)\)

=> HCl Dư

Vậy Dung dịch sau phản ứng làm quỳ tím chuyển màu đỏ

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ ---> ZnSO₄ + H₂

         0,2--->0,2--------->0,2------>0,2

\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{20\%}=98\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{1,14}=86\left(ml\right)=0,086\left(l\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,086}=2,33M\)

a, \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow3KCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2.107=21,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{KOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4mol\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,4       0,8                       0,4

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,4}=2M\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96l\)

PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgsO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgSO_4}=0,2\cdot120=24\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{294}\cdot100\%\approx6,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)