Chứng minh rằng
a) Với mọi số nguyên dương n có \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+..+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\)
b) \(\frac{2017}{\sqrt{2018}}+\frac{2018}{\sqrt{2017}}< \sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2018}\)
Hộ mình vs
Bài 1: Tính giá trị của biểu thức:\(\frac{1}{1\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2017\sqrt{2018}+2018\sqrt{2017}}\)
Bài 2: Chứng minh rằng các biểu thức sau có giá trị là số nguyên
A = \(\left(\sqrt{57}+3\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{38}+6\right)\left(\sqrt{57}-3\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{38}+6\right)\)
B = \(\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\text{Chứng minh rằng:}2017< \sqrt{\frac{2}{1}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}}+\sqrt[4]{\frac{4}{3}}+...+\sqrt[2018]{\frac{2018}{2017}}< 2018\)
Bài 1: Rút gọn biểu thức:
\(A=\frac{a^3-3a+\left(a^2-1\right)\sqrt{a^2-4}-2}{a^3-3a+\left(a^2-1\right)\sqrt{a^2-4}+2}\left(a>2\right)\)
\(B=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^4}+\frac{1}{b^4}+\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}}}\left(ab\ne0\right)\)
Bài 2: Tính giá trị của biểu thức:
\(E=\frac{1}{1\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2017\sqrt{2018}+2018\sqrt{2017}}\)
Bài 3: Chứng minh rằng các biểu thức sau có gúa trị là số nguyên
\(A=\left(\sqrt{57}+3\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{38}+6\right)\left(\sqrt{57}-3\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{38}+6\right)\)
\(B=\frac{2\sqrt{3+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}}}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}\)
Tìm n thỏa mãn \(A=\frac{1}{1\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n+1}+\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{2017}-1}{\sqrt{2017}}\)
Chứng minh :\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{2018\sqrt{2017}}< 2\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Từ đây ta có
\(VT< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)< 2\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\). Mà:
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Từ đó, ta có:
\(VT< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)< 2\) (ĐPCM)
Chứng minh rằng \(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2017^2}+\frac{1}{2018^2}}< 2018\)
Chứng minh \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2017\sqrt{2018}}< 2\)
Chứng minh rằng với mọi số nguyên dương n ta đều có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{5\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\)
Xét số hạng tổng quát ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài tập, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chứng minh
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+....+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2017^2}+\frac{1}{2018^2}< 2018}\)
Gọi vế trái BPT là A.
Xét biểu thức tổng quát:
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{n^2\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2+2n+1+n^2}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{n^4+2n^3+3n^2+2n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{\left(n^2+n+1\right)^2}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{n^2+n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{n\left(n+1\right)+n+1-n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Suy ra:
\(A=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(=\left(1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\right)\) (2018 số hạng 1)
\(=2018+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2018}< 2018\)
Vậy \(A< 2018\left(đpcm\right)\).
Chúc bạn học tốt nha.