\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ a,Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{ZnCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6(g)\\ c,n_{Zn}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{20}.100\%=32,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Ag}=100\%-32,5\%=67,5\%\)

áp dụng công thức là ra

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\\ m_{Cu}=25-11,2=13,8g\\ b,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{25}\cdot100=44,8\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-44,8=55,2\%\)
c, Gọi CTHH của sắt là \(Fe_xO_y\)

\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}xFe+yH_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_xO_y}=n_{H_2}:y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{11,6}{56x+16y}=\dfrac{0,2}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y=11,2x+3,2y\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y-3,2y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow8,4y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{8,4}{11,2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=3;y=4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,953m}{22,4}=0,042545m\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right);n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\\\Rightarrow \left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y+64z=m\\40x+51y+80z=1,72m\\x+1,5y=0,042545m\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,012845m\\y\approx0,0198m\\z\approx0,002455m\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}\approx\dfrac{0,002455.64m}{m}.100\%\approx15,712\%\\ \%m_{Al}\approx\dfrac{27.0,0198m}{m}.100\%\approx53,46\%\\ \%m_{Mg}\approx\dfrac{0,012845.24m}{m}.100\%\approx30,828\%\)

a. \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(448ml=0,448l\)

\(20ml=0,02l\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,04mol\)

\(CMHCl=\frac{0,04}{0,02}=2M\)

b. \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,02mol\)

\(\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{0,02.106}{5}.100\%=42,4\%\)

\(\%m_{NaCl}=100-42,4=57,6\%\)

2Al+6HCl->2AlCL3+3H2(1)

Mg+2HCL->MgCL2+H2(2)

Cu+2H2SO4(đặc)->CuSO4+SO2+2H2O(3)

(3)=>nCu=nSO2=2,24/22,4=0,1mol

=>mCu=0,1.64=6,4g ???? lớn hơn m hỗn hợp đề chắc sai

PTHH: \(Al+NaOH+H_2O\rightarrow NaAlO_2+\dfrac{3}{2}H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

           \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

           \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (3)

           \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (4)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,3mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(3\right)}+n_{H_2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}-0,3=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}+m_{Mg}=6,6\left(g\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(3\right)}=a\) 

Gọi số mo của Mg là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(4\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=6,6\\a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{160}\\b=\dfrac{37}{160}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{160}\cdot56=1,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=\dfrac{37}{160}\cdot24=5,55\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,05}{12}\cdot100\%=8,75\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{5,55}{12}\cdot100\%=46,25\%\\\%m_{Al}=45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,6mol\\n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=2n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{80}\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(4\right)}=2n_{Mg}=\dfrac{37}{80}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,1}{2}=0,55\left(M\right)\)

lớp 6