a) $n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{26,4}{44} = 0,6(mol)$

Gọi CTHH của ankan là $C_nH_{2n+2}$

Bảo toàn nguyên tố với C : $n_{ankan} = \dfrac{1}{n}n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{0,6}{n}(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,6}{n}(14n+2} = 8,7$

$\Rightarrow n = 4$

Vậy CTHH cần tìm : $C_4H_{10}$

CTCT : 

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3$

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_3$

b) $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 + Cl_2 \to CH_2Cl-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 + HCl$

c) $n_{C_4H_{10}} = \dfrac{5,8}{58} = 0,1(mol)$

$C_4H_{10} + \dfrac{13}{2}O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 4CO_2 + 5H_2O$

$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{13}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,65(mol)$
$V_{O_2} = 0,65.22,4 = 14,56(l)$

$V_{kk} = 14,56 : 21\% = 69,33(l)$

X : C_nH_2n+2

\(n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_X = \dfrac{0,25}{n}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_X = 14n + 2 = \dfrac{3,6}{\dfrac{0,25}{n}} = 14,4n\\ \Rightarrow n = 5\)

Vậy CTPT của X: C₅H₁₂

CTCT :

\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\ : pentan\\ CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3 : 2-metylbutan\\ CH_3-C(CH_3)_2-CH_3 : 2,2-đimetylpropan\\ \)

nCO2=8,96/22,4=0,4 mol

=> nC=nCO2=0,4 mol

mC=0,4.12=4,8g

=> mH=5,8-4,8=1g

nH=1 mol -> nH2O=0,5

nH=0,5 mol

Pt: CnH2n+2 + (3n+1/2)O2-> nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

                                                0,4          0,5 mol

=> n/0,4=n+1/0,5 -> n=4

Vậy cthh cần tìm là C4H10

a) CTPT: C_nH_2n-2

\(n_{C_nH_{2n-2}}=\dfrac{10,8}{14n-2}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{10,8}{14n-2}.n=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\)

=> n = 4

=> CTPT: C₄H₆

b) 

CTCT:
(1) \(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3\) (but-1-in)

(2) \(CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3\) (but-2-in)

\(n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{9}{18} = 0,5(mol)\\ n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_X = n_{H_2O} - n_{CO_2}= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)\\ X\ :\ C_nH_{2n+2}(n \geq 1)\\ n = \dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_X} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,1} = 4\\ \Rightarrow CTPT\ X\ : C_4H_{10}\)

CTCT :

\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 : butan\\ CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_3 : 2-metylpropan\)

Do đốt cháy A thu được sản phẩm chứa C, H, O

=> A chứa C, H và có thể có O

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,6}{44}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{9}{18}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét m_C + m_H = 0,4.12 + 1.1 = 5,8 (g) < 7,4

=> A chứa C, H, O

=> \(n_O=\dfrac{7,4-5,8}{16}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét n_C : n_H : n_O = 0,4 : 1 : 0,1 = 4 : 10 : 1

=> CTPT: C₄H₁₀O (do A chí chứa 1 nguyên tử O)

Do A tác dụng với Na, giải phóng H₂ => A là ancol

CTPT: 

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)

(4) \(\left(CH_3\right)_3C-OH\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn C: n_C = 0,2 (mol)
Bảo toàn H: n_H = 0,4 (mol)

=> \(n_O=\dfrac{6-0,2.12-0,4.1}{16}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

n_C : n_H : n_O = 0,2 : 0,4 : 0,2 = 1 : 2 : 1

=> CTPT: (CH₂O)_n

Mà M_X = 2.30 = 60 (g/mol)

=> n = 2

=> CTPT: C₂H₄O₂

CTCT: 

(1) CH₃COOH

(2) HCOOCH₃

(3) HO-CH₂-CHO

\(n_X=\dfrac{0.112}{22.4}=0.005\left(mol\right)\)

\(CT:C_nH_{2n+2}\)

\(m_{tăng}=m_{H_2O}=0.36g\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{_{ }H_2O}=\dfrac{0.36}{18}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)

\(BTNTH:\)

\(\left(2n+2\right)\cdot n_X=2\cdot n_{H_2O}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2n+2\right)\cdot0.005=2\cdot0.02\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n=3\)

\(CTPT:C_3H_6\)

\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_3\)

a, Gọi CTPT chung 2 ankan là \(C_{\overline{n}}H_{2\overline{n}+2}\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{28,08}{18}=1,56\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=1,56.2=3,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_C=\dfrac{16,44-m_H}{12}=1,11\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(n_{C_{\overline{n}}H_{2\overline{n}+2}}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\overline{n}=\dfrac{1,11}{0,45}=2,467\)

Mà: 2 ankan liên tiếp.

→ CTPT: C₂H₆ và C₃H₈.

CTCT: CH₃-CH₃ và CH₃-CH₂-CH₃.

b, Có: \(30n_{C_2H_6}+44n_{C_3H_8}=16,44\left(1\right)\)

BTNT H, có: \(6n_{C_2H_6}+8n_{C_3H_8}=1,56.2\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_6}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_3H_8}=0,21\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%n_{C_2H_6}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,24+0,21}.100\%\approx53,33\%\\\%n_{C_3H_8}\approx46,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)