\(nAl=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(nHCl=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

 2         6             2             3    (mol)

0,2       0,6         0,2          0,3      (mol)

LTL : 0,3 / 2 > 0,6/6

=> Al dư sau pứ , HCl đủ vs pứ

\(mAl_{\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

\(mAlCl_3=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)

 1        1           1         1   (mol)

0,3      0,3      0,3      0,3   (mol)

=> \(mCu=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\) 
=> Al dư HCl hết 
theo pthh : \(n_{Al\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al\left(d\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\) 

theo pthh : \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\) 
theo pthh : \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
pthh: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}H_2O+Cu\) 
                     0,3               0,3 
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\)
            

\(n_K=\dfrac{3,8}{39}=\dfrac{19}{195}mol\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{101,8}{18}=\dfrac{509}{90}mol\)

\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)

19/195 < 509/90                        ( mol )

19/195    19/195    19/195          ( mol )

Chất dư là H2O

\(m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=\left(\dfrac{509}{90}-\dfrac{19}{195}\right).18\approx100,04g\)

\(m_{KOH}=\dfrac{19}{195}.56\approx5,45g\)

10 1,8 g nước :)?

a) PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3 H2

b) nHCl=0,6(mol); nAl=0,3(mol)

Ta có: 0,3/2 > 0,6/6

=> HCl hết, Al dư, tính theo nHCl

c) nH2= 3/6 . nHCl=3/6 . 0,6= 0,3(mol)

=> V=V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4= 6,72(l)

\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2 < n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.24,5\%}{98} = 0,5 \to H_2SO_4\ dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} =n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = (0,5 - 0,2).98 = 29,4(gam)\\ c) n_{FeSO_4} = n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{FeSO_4} = 0,2.152 = 30,4(gam)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\)

PTHH: \(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{300\cdot3,65\%}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{8}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe₃O₄ còn dư, HCl p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\m_{FeCl_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0625\cdot232=14,5\left(g\right)\\m_{muối}=0,0375\cdot127+0,075\cdot162,5=16,95\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

nFe3O4= 23,2/232=0,1(mol); nHCl = (300.3,65%)/36,5= 0,3(mol)

a) PTHH: Fe3O4 + 8 HCl -> 2 FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H2O

b) Ta có: 0,3/8 < 0,1/1

=> Fe3O4 dư, HCl hết, tính theo nHCl.

=> nFe3O4(p.ứ)= nFeCl2= nHCl/8=0,3/8= 0,0375(mol)

=> mFe3O4(dư)= (0,1- 0,0375).232=14,5(g)

c) nFeCl3= 2/8. 0,3= 0,075(mol)

=> mFeCl3= 0,075.162,5=12,1875(g)

mFeCl2= 0,0375. 127=4,7625(g)

=>m(muối)= 12,1875+ 4,7625= 16,95(g)

\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)

a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)

n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)

PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)

            0,2     0,5

Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)

n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư

-->Tính theo số mol hết

               Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)

              0,2 ->  0,4      0,2        0,2

n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)

m​\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)

b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)

c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)

 3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O

  0,2       0,12

Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)

    nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết

\(HCl\)

​ 3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O

0,2->                  0,2

m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)

a. PTHH: 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

b. Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{58,5}{78}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,75}{2}>\dfrac{0,5}{3}\)

Vậy \(Al\left(OH\right)_3\) dư.

\(m_{dư}=0,75.78-98.0,5=9,5\left(g\right)\)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,5=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}.342=57\left(g\right)\)

a, \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{58,5}{78}=0,75\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

Mol:        \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)               0,5               \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)

b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,75}{2}>\dfrac{0,5}{3}\) ⇒ Al(OH)₃ dư, H₂SO₄ hết

⇒ \(m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\left(0,75-\dfrac{1}{3}\right).78=32,5\left(g\right)\)

c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}.342=57\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{58,5}{78}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

a. PTHH: 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O

b. Không có chất dư (hoặc có thể bn cho sai 49(g) dung dịch là 49(g) H₂SO₄)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,75=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,375.342=128,25\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

300ml = 0,3l

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2|\)

        2           6               2          3

       0,3       0,6

Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)

             ⇒ Al dư , HCl phản ứng hết 

             ⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của HCl

\(n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,3-\left(\dfrac{0,6.2}{6}\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Mol:     0,2      0,6

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\) ⇒ Al dư, HCl hết

\(m_{Aldư}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)