\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

 x----------> 3x --------> x 

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

y --------> y -------->  y

Có hệ phương trình

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+80y=26,2\\3x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%_{m_{Al_2O_3}}=\dfrac{102.0,1.100}{26,2}=38,93\%\)

\(\%_{m_{CuO}}=\dfrac{80.0,2.100}{26,2}=61,07\%\)

\(CM_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{x}{0,25}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4M\)

\(CM_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{y}{0,25}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\)

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\) 

Bài 3: 

PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ

\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Theo đề bài: \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx45,07\%\)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_________________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____________________b     (mol)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=14,2-6,4=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,03\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-38,03\%-45,07\%=16,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,25}.100\%\approx51,43\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx48,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,25-0,1.27}{102}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,45.36,5}{29,2\%}=56,25\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225.98}{19,6\%}=112,5\left(g\right)\)

a/nH2= 0,1(mol)

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

0,1_________________0,1(mol)

=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)

=> %mFe= (5,6/12).100\(\approx\) 46,667%

=> %mCu \(\approx\) 100% - 46,667% \(\approx\) 53,333%

b) mCu= 12-5,6=6,4(g) -> nCu= 0,1(mol)

Cu + 2 H2SO4(đ) -to-> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

0,1___0,2__________________0,1(mol)

V=V(SO2,đktc)=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)

mH2SO4(p.ứ)=0,2.98=19,6(g)

=> mH2SO4(bđ)= 19,6 x 100/90 \(\approx21,778\left(g\right)\)

=> mddH2SO4 \(\approx\) (21,778 x 100)/98\(\approx22,222\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2|\)

             2             2             2                 2              3

           0,2           0,2                                             0,3

            \(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O|\)

                1              2                  2              1

               0,1          0,2

b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al2O3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\)

c) Có : \(m_{Al2O3}=10,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)

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