`Fe + H_2 SO_4 -> FeSO_4 + H_2`

`0,2`         `0,2`                `0,2`     `0,2`      `(mol)`

`n_[Fe] = [ 11,2 ] / 56 = 0,2 (mol)`

`a) V_[H_2] = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)`

`b) m_[dd HCl] = [ 0,2 . 98 ] / [ 9,8 ] . 100 = 200 (g)`

`c) C%_[FeSO_4] = [ 0,2 . 152 ] / [ 11,2 + 200 - 0,2 . 2 ] . 100 ~~ 14,42%`

\(a,PTHH:Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\\ b,n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{7,4}{74}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{200}\cdot100\%=3,65\%\\ c,CaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2HCl\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=1\cdot0,25=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CaCl_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Do đó sau p/ứ H₂SO₄ dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{CaSO_4}=n_{CaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaSO_4}=0,1\cdot136=13,6\left(g\right)\)

Ca(OH)2+ H2CL-> CaCL2+ H2O

số n của Ca(OH)2 là :

A) nCa(OH)2 =m/M=7,4/74=0,1 mol

ta có nCa(OH)2=nCaCL2=0,1 mol

=>mCaCL2=0,1.111=11,1 gam

B) số mol của HCL là

nHCL=nCa(OH).2=0,1.2=0,2 mol

khối lượng của dung dịch HCL cần dùng

mHCL=n.M=0,2.71=14,2 gam

C)

nồng độ phần trăm là :

C/.=11,1/214,6.100/.=5/.

a, \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)

c, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 8 + 200 = 208 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{208}.100\%\approx11,54\%\)

Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng ta có:

m 3 o x i t + m H 2 S O 4 = m m u ố i + m H 2 O   s a n   p h a m

⇔ m m u ố i = m 3 o x i t + m H 2 S O 4 - m H 2 O   s a n   p h a m

Mà n H 2 O  san pham = n H 2 S O 4  = 1.0,05 = 0,05 mol

⇒ m m u o i  = 2,8 + 0,05.98 - 0,05.18 = 6,8g

⇒ Chọn C.

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,09\cdot98}{9,8\%}=90\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\cdot400=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1: 

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H₂SO₄ còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1

=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b) m_{dd sau pư} = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)

m_MgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)

c) 

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H₂

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

                      0,05<-----0,05

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1

\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)

c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,4.160=64\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=98.0,4=39,2\left(g\right)\)

CuO+H₂SO₄->CuSO₄+H₂O

0,4------0,4---------0,4 mol

n _CuO=\(\dfrac{32}{80}\)=0,4 mol

=>m _CuSO4=0,4.160=64g

=>m _H2SO4=0,4.98=39,2g

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

CuO + H₂SO₄ -> CuSO₄ + H₂O

  0,4        0,4           0,4

\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,4.160=64\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2\left(g\right)\)