\(B=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)

Áp dụng BĐT cô si:

\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+y}.\frac{x+y}{4}}=x\)

CMTT: \(\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge y\)

         \(\frac{z^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge z\)

Cộng vế với vế ta được:

\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+y}{4}+\frac{y+z}{4}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge x+y+z\)

\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}\ge4-\frac{2.\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}=4-2=2\)

           \(B\ge2\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{3}\)

sờ vác xơ

\(B=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=y=z=\frac{4}{3}\)

Lời giải :

\(P=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P+3=\frac{x}{y+z}+1+\frac{y}{z+x}+1+\frac{z}{x+y}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P+3=\frac{x+y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{z+x}+\frac{x+y+z}{x+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P+3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(P+3\right)=\left(x+y+y+z+z+x\right)\left(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si :

\(\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{x+y}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\)

Do đó :

\(2\left(P+3\right)\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{1}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2P+6\ge9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

___

p/s: BĐT còn gọi là BĐT Nesbitt. Có nhiều cách chứng minh, bạn có thể lên gg tìm hiểu.

xin thêm 1 cách 

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=y+z>0\\b=z+x>0\\c=x+y>0\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{b+c-a}{2}\\y=\frac{a+c-b}{2}\\z=\frac{a+b-c}{2}\end{cases}}\)Thay vào P ta được:

\(P=\frac{b+c-a}{2a}+\frac{a+c-b}{2b}+\frac{a+b-c}{2c}\)

\(=\frac{b}{2a}+\frac{c}{2a}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{2b}+\frac{c}{2b}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{2c}+\frac{b}{2c}-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(=\left(\frac{b}{2a}+\frac{a}{2b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{2a}+\frac{a}{2c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{2c}+\frac{c}{2b}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{b}{2a}+\frac{a}{2b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{2a}.\frac{a}{2b}}=1\)

CMTT\(P\ge3-\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

\(\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\frac{2a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}+1\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(a\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}+1\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-2\sqrt{a}-1+1\)

\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)-2\sqrt{a}\)

\(=a+\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}=a-\sqrt{a}\)

áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có

\(\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y+2z}{9}+\frac{1}{3}>=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{y+2z}.\frac{\left(y+2z\right)}{9}.\frac{1}{3}}=x\)

\(=>\frac{x^3}{y+2z}>=x-\frac{y+2z}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\)

Tương tự \(\frac{y^3}{z+2x}>=y-\frac{z+2x}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\),\(\frac{z^3}{x+2y}>=z-\frac{x+2y}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\)

\(=>P>=\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{9}-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)

Mà x+y+z=3

\(=>P>=3-1-1=1\)

=>Min P=1 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1

bạn đăng bđt đi CTV,,,,mik lm vs

một cách khác khá hay nhưng dài hơn:

\(P=\frac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\frac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\frac{z^4}{xz+2yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}\ge\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=1\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM t có:

\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+y}.\frac{x+y}{4}}=x\)(1)

Tương tự t có: \(\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z+x}{4}\ge y\)(2)

                       \(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\)(3)

Từ (1); (2); (3) t có: 

\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{x+z}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\right)\ge x+y+z\)

Từ x + y + z \(\ge\) 4, t có:

\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{x^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{4}\)

Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của P là 1, đạt được khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)

áp dụng bđt Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức ta có: P >=(x+y+z)^2/(x+y+z)=(x+y+z)/2=2

đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x=y=z=4/3

AP DUNG BDT CAUCHY-SCHWAR :  \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)(DAU "=" XAY RA KHI \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\))

...Cauchy-Schwarz: 

\(Q\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{36}{1}=36\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=1\\\frac{1}{x}=\frac{2}{y}=\frac{3}{z}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x=y\\3y=2z\\z=3x\end{cases}}\)

Giải tiếp t cái dấu = :v

Đặt a = y + z; b = z+ x; c = x+ y (a;b;c > 0)

=> x+ y + z = (a+b+c)/2

=> x= (a+b+c)/2 - a = (b+c- a)/2

     y = (a+b+c)/2 - b = (a+c-b)/2; z = (a+b - c)/ 2

Khi đó \(P=\frac{b+c-a}{2a}+\frac{a+c-b}{2b}+\frac{a+b-c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}-1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}-1+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}-1\right)\)

=> \(P=\frac{b+c-a}{2a}+\frac{a+c-b}{2b}+\frac{a+b-c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-3\right)\right)\)

AD BĐT Cô - si có: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2;\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2;\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\ge2\)

=> \(P\ge\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)=> Min P = 3/2

Dấu "=" khi a = b = c<=> x = y = z

Áp dụng Cauchy - Schwarz và AM-GM :

\(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\)

\(=\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+xy}+\frac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=y=z