a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); n_HCl = 0,5.2 = 1 (mol)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             0,1->0,3---->0,1---->0,15

=> V_H2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,3}{0,5}=1,4M\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo gt ta có: $n_{Al}=0,1(mol)$

a, $2Al+6HCl\rightarrow 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

b, $\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=3,36(l)$

c, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,3(mol)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=10,95(g)\Rightarrow \%m_{ddHCl}=219(g)$

d, Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{dd}=221,4(g)$

$\Rightarrow \%C_{AlCl_3}=6,02\%$

PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=50\left(g\right)\\C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot135}{4+50}\cdot100\%=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

                0,2------------------>0,4---->0,2

m_{dd sau pư} = 200 + 21,2 - 0,2.44 = 212,4(g)

=> \(C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{0,4.58,5}{212,4}.100\%=11,017\%\)

$PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow$

$n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2(mol)$

Theo PT: $n_{NaCl}=n_{CO_2}=0,2(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4.58,5=23,4(g);m_{CO_2}=0,2.44=8,8(g)$

$\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{21,2+200-8,8}.100\%\approx 11,01\%$

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a.

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(V_{H_2}=24,79.0,2=4,958\left(l\right)\)

b.

\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

_____0,3_____0,9______0,2____0,45 (mol)

a, m_Al = 0,3.27 = 8,1 (g)

b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,15}=6\left(M\right)\)

\(a,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot27=0,9\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}\approx0,017\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,017}{0,1}\approx0,17M\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

_____0,2-->0,6----->0,2---->0,3

=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)

b) V_H2 = 0,3.24,79 = 7,437 (l)

c) \(C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)