Với a, b, c là các số thực ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\).

Chọn \(a=x^2;b=y^2;c=z^2\) ta có \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\). (1)

Chọn \(a=xy;b=yz;c=zx\) ta có \(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2=\left(xy\right)^2+\left(yz\right)^2+\left(zx\right)^2\ge xy.yz+yz.zx+zx.xy=xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\). (2)

Từ (1), (2) ta có đpcm.

Đây mà là tiếng việt lớp 3 à

Câu 1:

\(2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx\)

\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=2xyz+\left(x+y+z\right)-1\)

\(VT=x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)-4xyz+2\)

\(VT\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{4}{27}\left(x+y+z\right)^3+2\)

\(VT\ge\frac{4}{27}\left[\frac{15}{4}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\left(x+y+z-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

(Do \(0< x;y;z< 1\Rightarrow x+y+z< 3< \frac{15}{4}\))

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Câu 2:

Từ điều kiện bài này có thể đặt ẩn phụ và AM-GM ra luôn kết quả, nhưng hơi rắc rối khi người ta hỏi từ đâu mà có cách đặt ẩn phụ như vậy, do đó ta giải trâu :D

\(x^2+y^2+z^2+xyz=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{4}+2\left(\frac{x}{2}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{2}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{xz}{2y}+\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{yz}{2x}+\frac{yz}{2x}.\frac{xz}{2y}+2\left(\frac{xy}{2z}.\frac{yz}{2x}.\frac{xy}{2y}\right)=1\)

Đặt \(\left(\frac{xy}{2z};\frac{zx}{2y};\frac{yz}{2x}\right)=\left(m;n;p\right)\Rightarrow mn+np+pn+2mnp=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(n+1\right)\left(m+1\right)\left(p+1\right)=\left(n+1\right)\left(m+1\right)+\left(n+1\right)\left(p+1\right)+\left(m+1\right)\left(p+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{m+1}+\frac{1}{p+1}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1=\frac{n}{n+1}+\frac{m}{m+1}+\frac{p}{p+1}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{m}+\sqrt{p}\right)^2}{m+n+p+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m+m+p+2\left(\sqrt{mn}+\sqrt{np}+\sqrt{mp}\right)\le m+n+p+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{mn}+\sqrt{np}+\sqrt{mp}\le\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{z}{2}\le\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\le3\)

@Nguyễn Việt Lâm, @Akai Haruma, @tth_new

giúp em vs ạ! e cảm ơn nhiều!

cha ôi rk mà cx ko bt

khó vcl

Cái này làm theo Bunhiacopski.

\(\frac{x^4}{y^2\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^4}{y^2\left(x+z\right)}.\frac{x+z}{4}}=\frac{x^2}{y}\)

ttu ta sẽ có vt \(\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}-\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z}-\frac{x+y+z}{2}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy :

\(\frac{x^4}{y^2\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^4\cdot y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)}{y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)\cdot2x\cdot4}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{8}}=\frac{3x}{2}\)

Tương tự ta cũng có :

\(\frac{y^4}{z^2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\frac{z^4}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^2}{2z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge\frac{3z}{2}\)

Cộng theo vế ta được :

\(VT+\left(\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x^2}{2z}\right)+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\ge\frac{3x}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}+\frac{3z}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{(\frac{x^2}{y})^2}{x+z}+\frac{(\frac{y^2}{z})^2}{x+y}+\frac{(\frac{z^2}{x})^2}{y+z}\geq \frac{\left(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\right)^2}{x+z+x+y+y+z}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng:

\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{y+z+x}=x+y+z\)

Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x+z+x+y+y+z}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$