a. Đề bài sai, phương trình không giải được

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\left(2x+10\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\left(3+2x\right)}{1+\sqrt{3+2x}}\right)^2=4\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2x+10\right)4.\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(1+\sqrt{3+2x}\right)^2}=4\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-1\\2x+10=\left(1+\sqrt{3+2x}\right)^2\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+10=2x+4+2\sqrt{2x+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow2x-2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}=1+x\sqrt{2x-1}-2x\sqrt{x+3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2\right)-\left(2\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}-4\right)=\left(x\sqrt{2x-1}-x\right)-\left(2x\sqrt{x+3}-4x\right)-3x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(2x^2+5x-7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}=\dfrac{x\left(2x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}-3\left(x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\2-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}+3=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2\left(2x+7\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+5x-3}+4}>-\dfrac{2\cdot8}{4}=-4\)

\(-\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}+2}>-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{x+3}+4x}>0\)

Do đó \(\left(1\right)>2-4-\dfrac{1}{2}+3=\dfrac{1}{2}>0\) nên (1) vô nghiệm

Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=1\)

Tham khảo:

1) Giải phương trình : \(11\sqrt{5-x}+8\sqrt{2x-1}=24+3\sqrt{\left(5-x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\) - Hoc24

\(\sqrt{x+3}+2\sqrt{x}=2+\sqrt{x\left(x+3\right)}\left(đk:x\ge0\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+3+4x+4\sqrt{x\left(x+3\right)}=4+x\left(x+3\right)+4\sqrt{x\left(x+3\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x+3=4+x^2+3x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)

\(TXĐ:D=R\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2+1^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}\)

\(+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}x-1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}=3\sqrt{2}\left(1\right)\)

Chọn \(\hept{\begin{cases}\overrightarrow{u}=\left(1;1-2x\right)\\\overrightarrow{v}=\left(\sqrt{3}x+1;x+1\right)\\\overrightarrow{w}=\left(1-\sqrt{3}x;x+1\right)\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}=\left(3;3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right|=3\sqrt{2}\)(2)

Ta có: \(\left|\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right|\le\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2+1^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}\)

\(+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}x-1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}\ge3\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\overrightarrow{u};\overrightarrow{v};\overrightarrow{w}\)cùng hướng

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra  \(\overrightarrow{u};\overrightarrow{v};\overrightarrow{w}\)cùng hướng

\(\Leftrightarrow\exists k,l>0\hept{\begin{cases}\overrightarrow{v}=k.\overrightarrow{u}\\\overrightarrow{v}=l.\overrightarrow{w}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{3}x+1=k.1;x+1=k\left(1-2x\right)\\\sqrt{3}x+1=l\left(1-\sqrt{3}x\right);x+1=l\left(x+1\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy x = 0

1.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}-\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)+x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}-\left(x+3\right)\right)+x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x-4\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3}+x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-4=0\\\dfrac{2x+1}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3}+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x+1+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}+x+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+5}=-3x-4\) \(\left(x\le-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x+5=9x^2+24x+16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+20x+11=0\)

2.

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\sqrt{2x+7}+7\sqrt{2x+7}=x^2+2x+7+7x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x\sqrt{2x+7}+2x+7\right)+7\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)^2+7\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)\left(x+7-\sqrt{2x+7}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2x+7}\\x+7=\sqrt{2x+7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

3.

ĐKXĐ: ...

Từ pt dưới:

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+3x-3y=3x^2+3y^2+1+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-y^3+3x-3y=3x^2+3y^2+1+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+3x-1=y^3+3y^2+3y+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3=\left(y+1\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=x-2\)

Thế vào pt trên:

\(x^2-2x+3=2\sqrt{5x-2}+\sqrt{7x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+2+2\left(x-\sqrt{5x-2}\right)+\left(x+1-\sqrt{7x-1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+2+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-5x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-2}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+2}{x+1+\sqrt{7x-1}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+2=0\)

c.

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3-\left(3x+1\right)\sqrt{x^2+3}+2x^2+2x=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3}=t>0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2-\left(3x+1\right)t+2x^2+2x=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(3x+1\right)^2-4\left(2x^2+2x\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{3x+1-x+1}{2}=x+1\\t=\dfrac{3x+1+x-1}{2}=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+3}=x+1\left(x\ge-1\right)\\\sqrt{x^2+3}=2x\left(x\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+3=x^2+2x+1\left(x\ge-1\right)\\x^2+3=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

a.

Đề bài ko chính xác, pt này ko giải được

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{7}{2}\)

\(2x+7-\left(2x+7\right)\sqrt{2x+7}+x^2+7x=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+7}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2-\left(2x+7\right)t+x^2+7x=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(2x+7\right)^2-4\left(x^2+7x\right)=49\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{2x+7-7}{2}=x\\t=\dfrac{2x+7+7}{2}=x+7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+7}=x\left(x\ge0\right)\\\sqrt{2x+7}=x+7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-7=0\left(x\ge0\right)\\x^2+12x+42=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=1+2\sqrt{2}\)

a) đkxđ \(x\ge1\)

pt đã cho \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-10}{\sqrt{2x-1}+3}+\dfrac{x-5}{\sqrt{x-1}+2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}+2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}+3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

 Hiển nhiên pt thứ 2 vô nghiệm vì \(VT>0\) với mọi \(x\ge1\). Do đó pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất là \(x=5\)

b) đkxđ: \(x\ge-3\)

 Để ý rằng \(x^2+2x+7=\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(2x+6\right)=\left(x^2+1\right)+2\left(x+3\right)\) nên nếu ta đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=u\left(u\ge1\right)\) và \(\sqrt{x+3}=v\left(v\ge0\right)\) thì pt đã chot rở thành:

 \(u^2+2v^2=3uv\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow\left(u-v\right)\left(u-2v\right)=0\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=v\\u=2v\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(u=v\) thì \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{x+3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-3\\x^2+1=x+3\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Mà \(x^2+1=x+3\)  \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)

 Nếu \(u=2v\) thì \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=2\sqrt{x+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-3\\x^2+1=4x+12\end{matrix}\right.\)

mà \(x^2+1=4x+12\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\pm\sqrt{15}\) (nhận)

Vậy pt đã cho có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{2;-1;2\pm\sqrt{15}\right\}\)

a) \(\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}=5\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\)) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2=5^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1+x-1+2\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x-2+2\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{27-3x}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{27-3x}{2}\ge0\\\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{27-3x}{2}\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27-3x\ge0\\2x^2-2x-x+1=\dfrac{729-162x+9x^2}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x\le27\\8x^2-12x+4=9x^2-162x+729\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le9\\x^2-150x+725=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le9\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=0\\x-145=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le9\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(tm\right)\\x=145\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=5\)