Lời giải:

$A=p^4+2019q^4=p^4-q^4+2020q^4$

$=(p^2-q^2)(p^2+q^2)+2020q^4$
Vì $p,q$ là số nguyên tố lớn hơn 5 nên $(p,5)=(q,5)=1$

$\Rightarrow p^2,q^2\equiv 1,4\pmod 5$

Nếu $p^2\equiv q^2\pmod 5$ thì $p^2-q^2\equiv 0\pmod 5$

$\Rightarrow A=(p^2-q^2)+2020q^4\equiv 0 \pmod 5(1)$

Nếu $p^2,q^2$ không cùng số dư khi chia cho $5$ thì:

$p^2+q^2\equiv 1+4\equiv 0\pmod 5$

$\Rightarrow A\equiv 0\pmod 5(2)$

Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow A\vdots 5(*)$

Mặt khác:

Vì $p,q>5$ nên $p,q$ lẻ

$\Rightarrow p^2\equiv q^2\equiv 1\pmod 4$

$\Rightarrow p^2-q^2\equiv 0\pmod 4$

$\Rightarrow A=(p^2-q^2)(p^2+q^2)+2020q^4\equiv 0\pmod 4$

$\Rightarrow A\vdots 4(**)$

Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow A\vdots (4.5=20)$

Akai Haruma!(mod 5) và (mod 4) là j vậy 

1)A=987

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\)

=>\(A< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8\cdot9}\)

=>\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}=1-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\)

=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9\cdot10}\)

=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)

=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{5}{10}-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{4}{10}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{2}{5}< A< \dfrac{8}{9}\)

a) Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot A-A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)

Giúp mik vs ạ.Mik đag cần

`Answer:`

 \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}\)

a) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}>\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}>\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{16}>8.\frac{1}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+...+\frac{1}{32}>16.\frac{1}{32}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)

b) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}< 3.\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{11}< 6.\frac{1}{6}\)

\(\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{23}< 12.\frac{1}{12}\)

\(\frac{1}{24}+...+\frac{1}{32}< 9.\frac{1}{24}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{2}+1+1+1+\frac{9}{24}=\frac{31}{8}< \frac{9}{2}\)

Ta có:

Do \(2^2>1.2\) ; \(3^2>2.3\) ;...; \(9^2>8.9\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8.9}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{9}< 1\) (1)

Lại có: \(2^2< 2.3\) ; \(3^2< 3.4\) ;...; \(9^2< 9.10\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9.10}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{2}{5}\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}< A< 1\)

\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{79}{80}\)

\(A< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{80}{81}\)

\(A^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{79}{80}.\frac{80}{81}\)

\(A^2< \frac{1}{81}=\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

=> \(A< \frac{1}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2}\)= 1- \(\frac{1}{2}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{3}\)=\(\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\frac{3}{4}\)= 1- \(\frac{1}{4}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{5}\) = \(\frac{4}{5}\)

...

\(\frac{79}{80}\) = 1- \(\frac{1}{80}\) < 1- \(\frac{1}{81}\)= \(\frac{80}{81}\)

Từ trên, ta có:

A= \(\frac{1}{2}\). \(\frac{3}{4}\). \(\frac{5}{6}\)...\(\frac{79}{80}\)< \(\frac{2}{3}\). \(\frac{4}{5}\). \(\frac{6}{7}\)...\(\frac{80}{81}\)

A² <  \(\left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{80}{81}\right)\). \(\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{79}{80}\right)\)

A² < \(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}...\frac{79}{80}.\frac{80}{81}\)

A² <\(\frac{1.\left(2.3.4...79.80\right)}{\left(2.3.4...79.80\right).81}\)

A² < \(\frac{1}{81}\) =\(\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

A  ^<  \(\frac{1}{9}\)  (đpcm)

Vậy A< \(\frac{1}{9}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{79}{80}\)

\(A< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{80}{81}\)

\(A^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}....\frac{79}{80}.\frac{80}{81}\)

\(A^2< \frac{1}{81}=\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{9}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)