Akaima Việt LâmMinh

Sửa đề là với n >= 2 nhé!Mình cũng không chắc nx!Mình ngu dạng này lắm=(((

Với n = 2 thì \(VT=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{13}+\frac{1}{25}< \frac{9}{20}\) (đúng)

Mệnh đề đúng với n = 2

Giả sử đúng với n = k (k>= 2)tức là \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{k^2+\left(k+1\right)^2}< \frac{9}{20}\) (giả thiết qui nạp)

Ta chứng minh nó đúng với n = k + 1 tức là c/m \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2+\left(k+2\right)^2}< \frac{9}{20}\)

Ta có: VT = \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2+\left(k+2\right)^2}< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{k^2+\left(k+1\right)^2}< \frac{9}{20}\)

gọi A là vế trái của bất đẳng thức trên

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{k^3}< \frac{1}{k^3-k}=\frac{1}{k.\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}\)

Do đó : A < \(\frac{1}{2^3-2}+\frac{1}{3^3-3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Đặt C = \(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Ta thấy \(\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)

nên 

C = \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}< \frac{1}{4}\)

Vậy ....

chứng minh bài toán theo cách quy nạp toán học.  

Với n=2 suy ra:\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}>\frac{13}{14}\left(TM\right)\)

Giả sử bài toán trên đúng với mọi n=k,ta cần chứng minh nó đúng với n=k+1,tức là:

\(S_k=\frac{1}{k+2}+\frac{1}{k+3}+\frac{1}{k+4}+....+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)}>\frac{13}{14}\)

Thật vậy:

\(\frac{1}{k+2}+\frac{1}{k+3}+...+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k+2}+....+\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2k+2}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)

\(=S_k+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2k+2}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)

\(>\frac{13}{14}+\frac{2k+2}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}+\frac{2k+1}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}-\frac{2\left(2k+1\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{13}{14}+\frac{2\left(k+1\right)+2k+1-2\left(2k+1\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

để dễ hiểu,,mik xin viết thêm nha(không phải để kiếm điểm,có người nhờ nên mới thế này:))

\(\frac{13}{14}+\frac{2\left(k+1\right)+2k+1-2\left(2k+1\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{13}{14}+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}>\frac{13}{14}\left(k>1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{k+1}>\frac{13}{14}\)

\(\Rightarrow S_k>\frac{13}{14}\)

Phép chứng minh hoàn tất_._

 \(S=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}>\frac{13}{24}\left(1\right)\)

Với : \(n=2\), suy ra : \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{7}{12}>\frac{13}{24}\left(TM\right)\)

Giả sử : (1) đúng với : \(n=k\left(k>1\right)\), tức là :

\(S_k=\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k+2}+...+\frac{1}{2k}>\frac{13}{24}\)( giả thiết quy nạp )

Ta cần c/m : (1) đúng với : \(n=k+1\), tức là cần chứng minh : 

\(S_{k+1}=\frac{1}{k+2}+\frac{1}{k+3}+...+\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)}>\frac{13}{24}\)

Thật vậy : \(S_{k+1}=\frac{1}{k+2}+\frac{1}{k+3}+...+\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k+2}+\frac{1}{k+3}+...+\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2k+2}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)

\(=S_k+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2k+2}-\frac{1}{k+1}>\frac{13}{24}+\frac{1}{2k+1}+\frac{1}{2k+2}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)

\(=\frac{13}{24}+\frac{2k+2}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}+\frac{2k+1}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}-\frac{2\left(2k+1\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{13}{24}+\frac{2\left(k+1\right)+2k+1-2\left(2k+1\right)}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{13}{24}+\frac{2k+2+2k+1-4k-2}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{13}{24}+\frac{1}{2\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}>\frac{13}{24}\left(k>1\right)\)

Vậy : \(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{2n}>\frac{13}{24}\)đúng với mọi \(n>1\)

vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé

1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)

Do đó : 

\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)

2.

Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)

Do đó : 

\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)

3.

Nhận xét ; \(1-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Do đó : \(B=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}...\frac{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Rút gọn được : B = \(\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+2}{3}>\frac{1}{3}\)

a) Ta có \(\frac{1}{n+k}>\frac{1}{2n}\)với k=1;2;...;n-1

=> \(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}>\frac{1}{2n}+\frac{1}{2n}+\frac{1}{2n}+....+\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{n}{2n}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Mặt khác ta có \(\frac{1}{n+k}+\frac{1}{n\left(+\left(n+1-k\right)\right)}< \frac{3}{2n}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3k^2+3nk+n+3k\forall k=1;2;...;n\)

Với k=1 ta có \(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+n}< \frac{3}{2n}\)

Với k=2 ta có \(\frac{1}{n+2}+\frac{1}{n+\left(n-1\right)}< \frac{3}{2n}\)

..........................................

Với k=n ta có \(\frac{1}{n+n}+\frac{1}{n+1}< \frac{3}{2n}\)

Cộng từng vế của 2 BĐT trên ta được

\(2\left(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}\right)< \frac{3}{2n}+\frac{3}{2n}+....+\frac{3}{2n}=\frac{3n}{2n}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}< \frac{3}{4}\)(đpcm)

Không cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}\)

b) Ta có \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{k}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)\)

Khi cho k=1,.....,n ta có:

\(1>2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>2\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\)

................................

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)

Cộng từng vế BĐT trên ta có \(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)\)

Vậy ta có đpcm

a ) \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)

\(< \frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\)

b )

\(B=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{3^2-1}+\frac{1}{5^2-1}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2-1}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+...+\frac{1}{2n\left(2n+2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-...+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n+2}\right)< \frac{1}{4}\).