\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}=2\) (1)

\(VP=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+a\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(a+b\right)}}\)

\(VP\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow VT< VP\)

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}},\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}},\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}} \right )=(x,y,z)\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x^2=\frac{a}{b+c}\\ y^2=\frac{b}{a+c}\\ z^2=\frac{c}{a+b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (1-\frac{1}{x^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{y^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{z^2+1})=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}=1\)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 2(x+y+z)(\star)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\(\left ( \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1} \right )(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1)\geq (x+y+z)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\geq (x+y+z)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{3}{2}\)

Kết hợp với hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM :

\((xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)\)

\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{\frac{3}2{}}=2xyz(x+y+z)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{xyz}=2(x+y+z)\)

Do đó BĐT \((\star)\) được chứng minh.

Bài toán hoàn thành. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(VT=\sum\dfrac{a}{a+b}< \sum\dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(VP=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{b+c}}>\sum\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(VP>2>VT\)

_ Chứng minh VT <2 .

Với a,b,c > 0, ta có:

\(a< a+b\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}< 1=\dfrac{c}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}\) (1)

\(b< b+c\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{b+c}< 1=\dfrac{a}{a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{b+c}< \dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}\) (2)

\(c< c+a\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 1=\dfrac{b}{b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}\) (3)

Từ (1) , (2) và (3), Cộng vế theo vế ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)(*)

_Chứng minh VP > 2.

Theo BĐT Cô-si, ta có:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a}.1}\le\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}+1\right):2=\dfrac{b+c+a}{2a}\)

Do vậy : \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a+c}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c},\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng vế theo vế

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+c\\b=a+c\\c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\) (trái với g/t a,b,c >0)

Vậy đẳng thức khong xảy ra dấu ''=''

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\) (**)

Từ (*) và (**) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\)

đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=x\\\sqrt{b}=y\\\sqrt{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>đề bài đưa về

\(=>P=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}+\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{x^2+z^2}{y}\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)

có \(P=\dfrac{x^2}{z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x}+\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{z^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(2x^{ }+2y^{ }+2z^{ }\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(dpcm\right)\)

dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z

Áp dụng  \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(N\ge\dfrac{a^2b}{c}+\dfrac{b^2c}{a}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}+c\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)^2=3\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)