Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{9}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{16}=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)

................

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{2n\left(2n+1\right)}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{16}+......+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2n.\left(2n+1\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2n}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\)

= \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\)

= \(\dfrac{2n+1-2}{2n+1}\)

= \(\dfrac{2n-1}{2n+1}\)= \(1-\dfrac{2}{2n+1}\)

Ta có: n ≥ 1⇒ 2n+1 ≥ 3

⇒ \(1-\dfrac{2}{2n+1}\) ≤ \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

hình như đề sai thì phải

A   = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{6^2}\)+.......+\(\dfrac{1}{\left(2.n\right)^2}\)

A  =  \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2.2\right)^2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2.3\right)^2}\) +....+\(\dfrac{1}{\left(2.n\right)^2}\)

A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2.2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2.3^2}\)+......+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^2.n^2}\)

A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) \(\times\) ( 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+.......+ \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\))

2² \(\times\) A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+......+\(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)

     4A =  1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) +......+ \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)

     4A = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) + ...+\(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\)

       1   = 1

     \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)

      \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\)

     ...................

 \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có: 

4A = 1+\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\)+....+\(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) <1+ \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\)+ ......+ \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)

4A < 1+ \(\dfrac{1}{1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)+....+\(\dfrac{1}{n-1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\) = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\)

A < ( 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\)): 4 

A < 2 : 4 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\) : 4

A < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy A < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

Ta có :2²A=1+\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)

            2²A-A=1-\(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)

            3A=\(\dfrac{\left(2n\right)^2-1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\) <\(\dfrac{n^2}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

          3A<\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) suy ra A<\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)

=>\(S< =\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)

=>\(S< =\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{n-1}{n}< =\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{6^2}< \dfrac{1}{4.6}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{8^2}< \dfrac{1}{6.8}\)

...

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{\left(2n-2\right).2n}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-2\right)2n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2n}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2n}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt A = \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)

Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)

Ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\) ( vì 1 > 0 ; 0 < 1.2 < 2² )

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\) ( vì 1 > 0 ; 0 < 2.3 < 3² )

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\) ( vì 1 > 0 ; 0 < 3.4 < 4² )

...

\(\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\) ( vì 1 > 0 ; 0 < ( n - 1 ) n < n² )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\Rightarrow A< 1.\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

a) \(\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n}{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n}{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n:\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n}{\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)^n.\left(-\dfrac{7}{5}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(-\dfrac{7}{5}\right)}\)

\(=1.\left(-\dfrac{5}{7}\right)\)

\(=-\dfrac{5}{7}\)

b) \(\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{2n}}{\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n.\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n}{\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^n\)

Đặt P= 1/4^2+1/6^2+1/8^2+...1/2n^2

= > P= 1/2.(2/2.4+2/4.6+2/6.8+...+ 2/(2n-2).2n)

=> P= 1/2.(1/2-1/2n)

=> P= 1/2.1/2-1/2.1/2n

=> P = (1/4 -1/2.1/2n)(1/4

Vậy P<1/4 ( đcpcm)

1/4^2+1/6^2+...+1/(2n)^2<1/4

=>1/2^2+1/3^2+...+1/n^2<1

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n-1}< 1\)

=>ĐPCM

\(\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+....+\frac{1}{2n-1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2n}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+.....+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{2n}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+.....+\frac{1}{2n}\right)=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}-....-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+....+\frac{1}{2n}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)