Rút gọn bt: A = \(\dfrac{\left(1^4+4\right)\left(5^4+4\right)\left(9^4+4\right)...\left(21^4+4\right)}{\left(3^4+4\right)\left(7^4+4\right)\left(11^4+4\right)...\left(23^4+4\right)}\)
B = \(\left(\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+\dfrac{n-3}{3}+..+\dfrac{2}{n-2}+\dfrac{1}{n-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
A = \(\dfrac{\left(1^4+4\right)\left(5^4+4\right)\left(9^4+4\right)...\left(21^4+4\right)}{\left(3^4+4\right)\left(7^4+4\right)\left(11^4+4\right)...\left(23^4+4\right)}\)
Xét: n4 + 4 = (n2+2)2 - 4n2 = (n2-2n+2)(n2+2n+2) = [(n-1)2+1][(x+1)2+1] nên: A = \(\dfrac{\left(0^2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)}{\left(2^2+1\right)\left(4^2+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(4^2+1\right)\left(6^2+1\right)}{\left(6^2+1\right)\left(8^2+1\right)}.....\dfrac{\left(20^2+1\right)\left(22^2+1\right)}{\left(22^2+1\right)\left(24^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{24^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{577}\)
B = \(\left(\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+...+\dfrac{2}{n-2}+\dfrac{1}{n-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
Đặt C = \(\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+...+\dfrac{n-\left(n-2\right)}{n-2}+\dfrac{n-\left(n-1\right)}{n-1}\)
= \(\dfrac{n}{1}+\dfrac{n}{2}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-2}+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-1-1-...-1\)
= \(n+\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}+\dfrac{n}{n}\)
= \(n\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
Vậy ...
Rút gọn biểu thức \(S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2}{x^3}+\dfrac{3}{x^4}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\) bằng:
A. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
B. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{2n}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
C. \(S=\dfrac{x^n-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^n\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
D. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^n\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
Rút gọn biểu thức \(S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2}{x^3}+\dfrac{3}{x^4}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\) bằng:
A. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
B. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{2n}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
C. \(S=\dfrac{x^n-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^n\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
D. \(S=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^n\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x.S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x^2}+\dfrac{3}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^n}\)
\(\Rightarrow x.S\left(x\right)-S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{x^n}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}=\dfrac{x^n-1}{x^n\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-x-n\left(x-1\right)}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
a, Tính: M = \(1+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{3}{35}+...+\dfrac{3}{9603}+\dfrac{3}{9999}\)
b, Chứng tỏ: S = \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(n\in N,n\ge2\right)\)
a: \(M=\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{5\cdot7}+...+\dfrac{2}{97\cdot99}+\dfrac{2}{99\cdot101}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{101}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}+\dfrac{3}{10}-\dfrac{3}{202}=\dfrac{150}{101}\)
b:
Tính các tích sau:
P\(_1\) =\(\left(1+\dfrac{2}{4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2}{10}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2}{18}\right)....\left(1+\dfrac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
P\(_2\) =\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)....\left(1+\dfrac{2}{n^2+2n}\right)\)
P\(_3\) = \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1+2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1+2+3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1+2+3+4}\right).....\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1+2+3+4+...+n}\right)\)
P\(_4\) = \(\dfrac{2^4+4}{4^4+4}.\dfrac{6^4+4}{8^4+4}.\dfrac{8^4+4}{10^4+4}....\dfrac{18^4+4}{20^4+4}\)
Tính:
\(N=\left(0,25\right)^{-1}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{4}{3}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^{-1}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{-3}\)\(N=\left(0,25\right)^{-1}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{4}{3}\right)^{-2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^{-1}\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{-3}\)
\(N=4\cdot16\cdot\dfrac{9}{16}\cdot\dfrac{4}{5}\cdot\dfrac{27}{8}=4\cdot9\cdot\dfrac{4}{5}\cdot\dfrac{27}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{16}{5}\cdot\dfrac{243}{8}=\dfrac{486}{5}\)
chứng minh rằng \(S=\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(n\in N,n\ge2\right)\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
=>\(S< =\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
=>\(S< =\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{n-1}{n}< =\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Chứng minh: \(A=\dfrac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}.\dfrac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}.\dfrac{4^3+1}{4^3-1}....\dfrac{9^3+1}{9^3-1}< \dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+....+\dfrac{1}{n!}< 1\)
\(C=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+....+\dfrac{n-1}{n!}< 1\)
D=\(\left(1-\dfrac{2}{6}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{2}{12}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{2}{20}\right)....\left(1-\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)>\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bằng phương pháp quy nạp, chứng minh các đẳng thức sau với \(n\in N^{\circledast}\)
a) \(A_n=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)}\)
b) \(B_n=1+3+6+10+...+\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{6}\)
c) \(S_n=\sin x+\sin2x+\sin3x+...+\sin nx=\dfrac{\sin\dfrac{nx}{2}\sin\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)x}{2}}{\sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\)
b)
Với n = 1.
\(VT=B_n=1;VP=\dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)\left(1+2\right)}{6}=1\).
Vậy với n = 1 điều cần chứng minh đúng.
Giả sử nó đúng với n = k.
Nghĩa là: \(B_k=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{6}\).
Ta sẽ chứng minh nó đúng với \(n=k+1\).
Nghĩa là:
\(B_{k+1}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+1+1\right)\left(k+1+2\right)}{6}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{6}\).
Thật vậy:
\(B_{k+1}=B_k+\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\)\(=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{6}+\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{6}\).
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với mọi n.
c)
Với \(n=1\)
\(VT=S_n=sinx\); \(VP=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{x}{2}sin\dfrac{2}{2}x}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}=sinx\)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với \(n=1\).
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh đúng với \(n=k\).
Nghĩa là: \(S_k=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{kx}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\).
Ta cần chứng minh nó đúng với \(n=k+1\):
Nghĩa là: \(S_{k+1}=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\).
Thật vậy từ giả thiết quy nạp ta có:
\(S_{k+1}-S_k\)\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}-\dfrac{sin\dfrac{kx}{2}sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}.\left[sin\dfrac{\left(k+2\right)x}{2}-sin\dfrac{kx}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}}{sin\dfrac{x}{2}}.2cos\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}sim\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(=2sin\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}cos\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)x}{2}=2sin\left(k+1\right)x\).
Vì vậy \(S_{k+1}=S_k+sin\left(k+1\right)x\).
Vậy điều cần chứng minh đúng với mọi n.