\(pH=7\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(0,05+0,06.2\right)\text{​​}V_2=\left(0,08+0,02.2\right)V_1\)

\(\Rightarrow V_1:V_2=17:12\)

Ví dụ 5 :

n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)

n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$

n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)

=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)

=> [H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 3  :

n NaOH = 0,01.0,001V(mol)

n HCl = 0,03.0,001V(mol)

$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + H_2O$

n HCl dư = 0,03.0,001V - 0,01.0,001V = 0,02.0,001V(mol)

Suy ra : 

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,02.0,001V/0,002V = 0,01(M)

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 4 : 

n HCl = 0,02.0,05 = 0,001(mol)

n H2SO4 = 0,02.0,075 = 0,0015(mol)

=> n H+ = 0,001 + 0,0015.2 = 0,004(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04(ml)

=> [H⁺ ] = 0,004/0,04 = 0,1M

=> pH = - log(0,1) = 1

\(n_{OH^-}=0,12V_1\)

\(n_{H^+}=0,17V_2\)

\(n_{OH^-dư}=\left(V_1+V_2\right).10^{-1}\)

Ta có: 

\(n_{OH^-dư}+n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(V_1+V_2\right).10^{-1}=0,12V_1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,1V_1=0,02V_2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{V_1}{V_2}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(n_{H^+\left(HCl\right)}=0,09.0,3=27.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H^+\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=2.0,06.0,001.V=12V.10^{-5}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=27.10^{-3}+12V.10^{-5}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{\left(27+0,12V\right).10^{-3}}{0,001.V+0,3}=10^{-1,0963}\Rightarrow V=595\left(ml\right)\)

Câu 1:

PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,6\cdot0,4+0,6\cdot0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot2,6=0,52\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\) H⁺ hết, OH^- còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,6+0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=14+log\left(0,1\right)=13\)

Bài 2:

PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,3\cdot1,6=0,48\left(mol\right)\\n_{H^+}=0,2\cdot1\cdot2+0,2\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\) OH^- hết, H⁺ còn dư \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,32}{0,2+0,3}=0,64\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,64\right)\approx0,19\)

\(n_{H^+}=0.3\cdot0.1\cdot2+0.3\cdot0.15=0.105\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-}=0.001V\cdot0.3+0.001V\cdot2\cdot0.1=0.0032V\left(mol\right)\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

\(0.105.......0.105\)

\(n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0.0032V-0.105\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.0032V-0.105}{0.3+0.001V}\left(M\right)\)

\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=12\)

\(\Leftrightarrow log\left[OH^-\right]=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow log\left[\dfrac{0.0032V-0.105}{0.3+0.001V}\right]=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow V=33.85\left(ml\right)\)

nH⁺=0,3.0,1.2+0,3.0,15=0,105 mol

nOH^- ban đầu =0,3V + 0,1.2V=0,5V mol

Sau phản ứng thu được dung dịch có pH=12

⇒OH^- dư ⇒ pOH=2

⇒ [OH^- ] dư = 0,01 M

nOH^- dư = 0,01(0,3+V)=0,003+0,01V (mol)

nOH^- phản ứng=nOH^- ban đầu - nOH^- dư

     = 0,5V - 0,003 - 0,01V

     = 0,49V - 0,003 (mol )       

      H⁺   +   OH^- → H₂O

  0,105 → 0,105

nOH^- phản ứng = nH⁺

⇒0,49V - 0,003 =0,105

⇒ V≃0,22 lít=200ml

a) ko bik ....

b) 13,5

c)2

d)2,4

\(n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot0,25=0,025mol\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\cdot0,15=0,0075mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04mol\)

\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,25+0,15}=0,1M\)

\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,1\right)=1\)

Chọn A.